Platelet count and MCHC as independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas.

Mammary neoplasms are common in felines species and represent a significant disease for its unfavorable prognosis. Changes in the blood count and serum biochemical profile of these patients have potential as non-invasive prognostic markers prior to mastectomy, however, they are poorly described in literature. In this study univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using these factors to determine the effect of each parameter on the one-year survival time after the surgical procedure in these animals. The median overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were 365 and 242 days, respectively. In univariate analysis, values within the reference range of monocyte, platelet and creatinine counts were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS and only creatinine was significant for DFS (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. The results presented suggest that monocytes, platelets and creatinine may be important non-invasive pre-surgical prognostic markers, and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas (FMC). The correlation between such alterations is of important relevance for veterinary oncology, and prospective studies are needed to validate their clinical use and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for FMC. The results found in this study can also be studied in human medicine, regarding blood markers in human breast cancer (HBC).

Prognostic Factors for Cancer-Specific Survival and Disease-Free Interval of Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most diagnosed neoplasms in dogs; however, there are few studies analyzing the influence of epidemiological, clinicopathological, and histopathological data on cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. To contribute to the understanding of the biological behavior of this neoplasm, 385 cases were analyzed, 89% malignant, 4% benign, and 7% non-neoplastic lesions. Among the dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms, 86% had early clinical stages (I-III), while 14% had regional or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type with 44% of the cases and had the best prognosis. Analyzed factors such as the presence of pseudocyesis, previous history of the disease, advanced clinical stage (IV-V), and presence of ulceration obtained significant results for CSS, DFI, and OS through univariate analysis and had a negative impact on the survival of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that histological grading and age proved to be the best independent parameters for the prognostic evaluation of CSS and DFI in this study. These factors were also significant in the overall survival analysis. Therefore, these parameters should be considered valuable risk and prognostic factors for CMTs.

Shedding a New Light on Skin Aging, Iron- and Redox-Homeostasis and Emerging Natural Antioxidants.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for normal cell signaling and the antimicrobial defense of the skin. However excess production of ROS can disrupt the cellular redox balance and overwhelm the cellular antioxidant (AO) capacity, leading to oxidative stress. In the skin, oxidative stress plays a key role in driving both extrinsic and intrinsic aging. Sunlight exposure has also been a major contributor to extrinsic photoaging of the skin as its oxidising components disrupt both redox- and iron-homeostasis, promoting oxidative damage to skin cells and tissue constituents. Upon oxidative insults, the interplay between excess accumulation of ROS and redox-active labile iron (LI) and its detrimental consequences to the skin are often overlooked. In this review we have revisited the oxidative mechanisms underlying skin damage and aging by focussing on the concerted action of ROS and redox-active LI in the initiation and progression of intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging processes. Based on these, we propose to redefine the selection criteria for skin antiaging and photoprotective ingredients to include natural antioxidants (AOs) exhibiting robust redox-balancing and/or iron-chelating properties. This would promote the concept of natural-based or bio-inspired bifunctional anti-aging and photoprotective ingredients for skincare and sunscreen formulations with both AO and iron-chelating properties.

In vitro characterization of hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles compounds and their biocompatibility in vivo.

Bioactive materials in combination with antibiotics have been widely developed for the treatment of bone infection. Thus, this work aims to characterize six biomaterials formulated with different concentrations of hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, in addition to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the antibiotic diffusion test on agar. Furthermore, in vivo biocompatibility and the reabsorption process of these materials were analyzed. XRD showed that both hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite present high crystallinity. The photomicrographs obtained by SEM revealed that composites have a complex surface, evidenced by the irregular arrangement of the hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite granules, besides demonstrating the interaction between their components. The antibiotic-diffusion test showed that all biomaterials produced an inhibition halo in Staphylococcus aureus cultures. For the biocompatibility study, composites were surgically implanted in the dorsal region of rabbits. At 15, 30, 70, and 100 days, biopsies of the implanted regions were performed. The biomaterials were easily identified during histological analysis and no significant inflammatory process, nor histological signs of toxicity or rejection by the adjacent tissue were observed. We can conclude that the biomaterials analyzed are biocompatible, degradable, and effective in inhibiting the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Graphical abstract.

Maternal deprivation during early infancy in rats increases oxytocin immunoreactivity in females and corticosterone reactivity to a social test in both sexes without changing emotional behaviour.

Impairment of social behaviour is a hallmark of emotional disorders, with increased avoidance of social contact. In rats, the 24 h maternal deprivation (DEP) paradigm is used to understand the impact of extreme neglect on neurodevelopment. Due to the distinct immediate effects of DEP on postnatal days (PND) 3 (DEP3) or 11 (DEP11), in the present study we investigated the long-term effects of DEP at these ages on anxiety-like behaviour, by recording the visits and time spent in the centre part of the open-field, social investigation of a confined, same-sex, unfamiliar animal, basal and post-social test corticosterone plasma levels and the immunoreactivity to oxytocin in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SON). Whole litters were distributed into control (CTL), DEP3 or DEP11 groups and behavioural tests and biological samples were collected between PNDs 40 and 45 in males and females. There were no differences in the exploration of the central part of the open field or on the time investigating the unfamiliar rat. However, the percent increase in post-test corticosterone secretion from baseline was greater for both DEP3 male and female subgroups than their CTL and DEP11 counterparts. DEP3 females showed more oxytocin staining than DEP11 counterparts in magnocellular neurons of the SON and PVN. These results suggest that DEP at the ages chosen does not alter social investigation, although it results in distinct neurobiological outcomes, depending on the developmental phase when it is imposed.

Mulher, mãe e filha cuidadora: imaginários coletivos sobre relações intergeracionais / Woman, mother and daughter caregiver: collective imaginary about intergenerational relations / Mujer, madre e hija cuidadora: imaginario colectivo sobre las relaciones intergeneracionales

Inserindo-se no contexto de trabalhos científicos que vêm abordando o fenômeno, cada vez mais ampliado, de possibilidade de convivência entre diferentes gerações, em vários âmbitos sociais e institucionais, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar imaginários coletivos sobre relações intergeracionais. Configura-se metodologicamente por meio da abordagem psicanalítica de um curta-metragem disponível na internet. Exposições dos pesquisadores ao material, em estado de atenção flutuante e associação livre de ideias, permitiram a produção de três campos de sentido afetivo-emocional: "Sentidos para o viver", "Sobra tudo para mim" e "Mulher/mãe/filha cuidadora". Tais campos revelam a prevalência de crenças imaginativas segundo as quais a convivência entre avós e netos seria lúdica e promoveria aprendizagens significativas, desde que sustentada por uma adulta capaz de cuidar de todos. O quadro geral indica que relações saudáveis entre crianças e idosos requerem sustentação em termos do suprimento de suas necessidades materiais e afetivas, o que tende a permanecer sob responsabilidade de mulheres-mães-filhas que se encarregam do sustento financeiro, das tarefas domésticas e dos cuidados com os familiares.

In the context of scientific studies which consider the increasingly prevalent possibility of coexistence of different generations, in various social and institutional spheres, this study aims to investigate collective imaginaries about intergenerational relationships. It is organized around the application of the psychoanalytic method to a short film available online. The researchers' exposure to this material, in a state of floating attention and free association, led to the development of three fields of affective-emotional meaning: "Meaning for living", "It is all on me", and "Wife/mother/daughter caregiver". These fields indicate the prevalence of imaginative beliefs according to which the coexistence between grandparents and grandchildren would be playful and promote meaningful learning, provided an adult took care of the family. The general picture indicates that healthy relationships between children and the elderly requires support in terms of supplying their affective and material needs, which tends to be a responsibility assigned to women (wives, mothers and daughters), who usually are in charge of financial support, domestic chores, and family care.

Debido a un problema de investigación relacionado con la convivencia entre las generaciones, el objetivo es conocer el imaginario colectivo sobre las relaciones intergeneracionales. Se justifica en la medida en que el aumento de la longevidad poblacional altere la convivencia en diversas áreas sociales, reflexionando en la clínica psicológica. Metodológicamente se configura a través del enfoque psicoanalítico de un cortometraje disponible en Internet. Las exposiciones de los investigadores psicólogos al material, en estado de atención flotante y libre asociación de ideas, permitieron la producción de tres campos de sentido afectivo-emocional: "Sentidos para vivir", "Todo lo que me queda" y "Mujer/madre/hija cuidadora". Estos campos revelan la prevalencia de creencias imaginativas según las cuales la convivencia entre abuelos y nietos sería lúdica y promovería un aprendizaje significativo, si sostenido por un adulto capaz de cuidar de todos. El marco general indica que las relaciones saludables entre los niños y los ancianos requieren apoyo en términos del suministro de sus necesidades materiales y afectivas, que tiende a permanecer bajo la responsabilidad de las mujeres-madres-hijas que se encargan de la subsistencia, atención doméstica y familiar.

Canine umbilical cord perivascular tissue: A source of stem cells for therapy and research.

There are numerous sources of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with therapeutic potential, and bone marrow is the main one. However, pain, lack of donors and comorbidities associated with harvesting stimulate the search for new sources of MSCs. The aim of this work is to obtain cells from umbilical cord (UC) perivascular tissue of dogs and characterize them as MSCs. For this, the UC was obtained from therapeutic cesarean sections and submitted to enzymatic digestion. The obtained cells were subjected to growth and proliferation tests, as well as the analysis of surface markers, differentiation test in three mesenchymal lineages and analysis of differentiation markers expression. From all the UC used in this study an adherent with fibroblastoid shape cell was obtained, with an initial number of 4.8 × 105 of cells. The growth curves showed a lag phase from 0 to 24 h, followed by a phase of growth of 24 to 168 h, and then phase of cell decay. The doubling time was kept around 15 h until the sixth passage, from which there were signs of cellular senescence. The differentiation assays demonstrated the ability of cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes when subjected to the induction mediums. The study of surface markers was positive for adhesion markers and negative for hematopoietic markers. Thus, cells obtained from canine UC perivascular tissue by enzymatic digestion are multipotent MSC and the protocol developed ensures the perivascular origin of these cells.

Avaliação de diferentes condições de pressão de vácuo na operação de sistema de remediação com extração multifásica / Evaluation of different vacuum pressure conditions on a multiphase extraction remediation system operation

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes condições de pressão de vácuo na operação de sistema de remediação com extração multifásica (MPE), em escala real, implantado em uma área industrial. Para essa finalidade, foram realizados a instalação e o monitoramento contínuo de um poço de extração (PE) e três poços de observação (POs), além da operação do sistema MPE em três etapas operacionais de pressão de vácuo: -1.202, -2.517 e -3.120 mmca. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível constatar, principalmente, que o aumento da pressão de vácuo no PE não refletiu necessariamente no aumento da vazão gasosa, mas apenas na vazão aquosa em determinada faixa de aplicação de vácuo. A condição operacional mínima de vácuo em -1.202 mmca resultou no maior valor médio de vácuo entre os POs (no PO-01 igual a 29,5 mmca). Constatou-se que o aumento da pressão de vácuo aplicada, associado ao maior rebaixamento do nível de água no poço PE, não influenciou diretamente no rebaixamento do nível de água dos POs. Os seguintes fatores foram levantados como potenciais justificativas para os comportamentos nas diferentes condições operacionais do sistema MPE: perdas de carga; acúmulo de água na linha de extração; e ocorrência de precipitação pluviométrica. Este estudo demonstrou a importância de avaliar previamente as condições operacionais de sistema MPE, antes da implantação da técnica, uma vez que o aumento da pressão de vácuo no PE não implica necessariamente na otimização do processo.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different vacuum pressure conditions on a full-scale multiphase extraction (MPE) remediation system operation, implemented in an industrial area. For this purpose, installation and continuous monitoring of one extraction well (PE) and three observation wells (POs) were performed, as well as a MPE system operating in three operational phase of vacuum pressures: -1,202; -2,517; -3,120 mmca. The results obtained allow concluding mainly thatan increase in applied vacuum pressure in PE did not necessarily result in increased gas flow rate, but caused an increase only water flow rate in the specific vacuum pressures range. The minimum operating condition of vacuum pressure applied to the MPE system resulted in the highest vacuum average value among the POs (PO-01 equal to 29.5 mmca). Increasing pressure applied by the MPE system, with concomitant deeper well drawdown of PE, does not directly influence the drawdown of water levels in the POs. The following factors were listed as potential reasons for the behavior in different operating conditions of the MPE system: head losses; accumulation of water in the extraction line; and the occurrence of rainfall. This study demonstrated the need and importance of previously evaluating the operation conditions MPE system, before thein stallation, since the increase of the vacuum pressure in PE does not necessarily lead to optimization of the process.

Use of ß-caryophyllene to combat bacterial dental plaque formation in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent illness that affects many dogs, reaching up to 85 % prevalence in individuals over the age of 4 years. Currently the drug of choice for combating the formation of dental plaque in these animals, the etiologic agent of the disease, is chlorhexidine, which has several side effects reported. Thus, surveys are conducted throughout the world in order to identify potential substitutes for antimicrobial therapy and prevention of periodontal disease. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ß-caryophyllene against bacteria from dog's dental plaque in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by agar microdilution assay, the induction or inhibition of bacterial adherence by sub-inhibitory concentrations in 96-well plates, and reduction of dental plaque formation in mongrel dogs subjected to topical solution with ß-caryophyllene for 15 days. RESULTS: Results showed minimum inhibitory concentrations above 100 mg/mL for 25 % of the isolates, 100 mg/mL for 3 %, 50 mg/mL for 25 %, 25 mg/mL for 12 %, 12.5 mg/mL for 19 % and 6.25 mg/mL for 16 %. Bacterial adherences of three Enterococcus sp., one Streptococcus sp., one Haemophilus sp., one Aerococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Lactococcus sp. isolates were inhibited by subinhibitory concentration. One Lactococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Streptococcus sp. were stimulated to adhere by concentrations of 0.19, 1.56 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. In vivo assay showed reduction in dental plaque formation by ß-caryophyllene, with final plaque coverage of 23.3 ± 2.6 % of the total area of the teeth, with significant difference compared with chlorhexidine group (37.5 ± 3.7 % - p < 0.05) and negative control group (65.5 ± 2.5 % - p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that ß-caryophyllene has antimicrobial activity against the proliferation of dog's dental plaque-forming bacteria representing a suitable alternative to the use of chlorhexidine in prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal disease of dogs.

Bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea / Celulose bacteriana e composto de celulose bacteriana/policaprolactone para substituto tissular na córnea de coelho

In order to test the performance of bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite (BC/PCL) and pure bacterial cellulose (BC) as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea, a superficial ulcer containing 5mm in diameter and 0.2mm deep was made in the right cornea of 36 rabbits, then a interlayer pocket was created from the basis of this ulcer. Twelve rabbits received BC/PCL membrane and 12 were treated with BC membranes, both membranes with 8mm in diameter. The remaining rabbits received no membrane constituting the control group. The animals were clinically followed up for 45 days. Three animals of each group were euthanized at three, seven, 21, and 45 days after implantation for histological examination of the cornea along with the implant. Clinical observation revealed signs of moderate inflammatory process, decreasing from day 20th in the implanted groups. Histology showed absence of epithelium on the membranes, fibroplasia close to the implants, lymph inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells, collagen disorganization, with a predominance of immature collagen fibers in both groups with implants. Although inflammatory response is acceptable, the membranes used does not satisfactorily played the role of tissue substitute for the cornea during the study period.(AU)

Com objetivo de testar o desempenho do compósito celulose bacteriana/policaprolactona (CB/PCL) e da celulose bacteriana pura (CB) como substitutos teciduais em córnea de coelhos, foi realizada uma úlcera superficial de 5 mm de diâmetro e 0,2 mm de profundidade na córnea direita de 36 coelhos, criando-se um bolso interlamelar a partir da base dessa úlcera. Doze animais receberam a membrana do compósito CB/PCL e 12 foram tratados com membranas de CB, ambas com 8 mm de diâmetro, os coelhos restantes não receberam nenhuma membrana, constituindo o grupo controle. Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente até 45 dias. Três animais de cada grupo sofreram eutanásia aos três, sete, 21 e 45 dias após o implante das membranas para análise histológica da córnea juntamente com o implante. À observação clínica, houve sinais de processo inflamatório moderado, diminuindo a partir do 20º dia nos grupos implantados. A histologia demonstrou ausência de epitélio sobre as membranas, fibroplasia próxima aos implantes, infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário com células gigantes, desorganização do colágeno, com predominância de fibras imaturas de colágeno em ambos os grupos com implantes. Embora a resposta inflamatória seja aceitável, as membranas utilizadas não desempenharam satisfatoriamente o papel de substituto tecidual para a córnea, no período estudado.(AU)

Isolation, expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from rabbits' bone marrow / Isolamento, expansão e diferenciação de celulas tronco mesenquimais oriundas da medula óssea de coelhos

Tissue engineering has been a fundamental technique in the regenerative medicine field, once it permits to build tri-dimensional tissue constructs associating undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (or mesenchymal stromal cells - MSCs) and scaffolds in vitro. Therefore, many studies have been carried out using these cells from different animal species, and rabbits are often used as animal model for in vivo tissue repair studies. However, most of the information available about MSCs harvesting and characterization is about human and murine cells, which brings some doubts to researchers who desire to work with a rabbit model in tissue repair studies based on MSCs. In this context, this study aimed to add and improve the information available in the scientific literature providing a complete technique for isolation, expansion and differentiation of MSCs from rabbits. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from humerus and femur of rabbits were obtained and to evaluate their proliferation rate, three different culture media were tested, here referred as DMEM-P, DMEM´S and α-MEM. The BMMCs were also cultured in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic induction media to prove their multipotentiality. It was concluded that the techniques suggested in this study can provide a guideline to harvest and isolate MSCs from bone marrow of rabbits in enough amount to allow their expansion and, based on the laboratory experience where the study was developed, it is also suggested a culture media formulation to provide a better cell proliferation rate with multipotentiality preservation.

A engenharia de tecidos tem sido uma técnica fundamental no campo da medicina regenerativa, uma vez que permite a criação de peças teciduais tri-dimensionais por meio da associação de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas (ou células estromais mesenquimais - CEMs) e moldes de biomateriais in vitro. Assim, muitos estudos têm sido realizados utilizando estas células oriundas de diferentes espécies animais, e os coelhos são frequentemente utilizados como um modelo animal para estudos in vivo de reparação tecidual. No entanto, a maioria das informações disponíveis sobre a coleta e caracterização de CEMs referem-se às células humanas e murinas, o que traz algumas dúvidas para pesquisadores que desejam trabalhar com coelhos em estudos de reparação de tecidos baseados em CEMs. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou contribuir e aprimorar as informações disponíveis na literatura científica fornecendo uma técnica completa para o isolamento, expansão e diferenciação das MSCs de coelhos. Células mononucleares da medula óssea (CMMOs) do úmero e fêmur de coelhos foram obtidas e, para avaliar sua taxa de proliferação, três meios de cultura diferentes foram testadas, aqui referidos como DMEM-P, DMEM'S e α-MEM. As CMMOs também foram cultivadas em meios de indução osteogênico, condrogênico, e linhagens adipogênico para provar a sua multipotencialidade. Concluiu-se que as técnicas sugeridas neste estudo podem fornecer um guia para a coleta e isolamento de CEMs da medula óssea de coelhos em quantidade suficiente para permitir a sua expansão e, com base na experiência de laboratório onde o estudo foi desenvolvido, é também sugerida uma formulação de meio de cultivo para proporcionar uma melhor taxa de proliferação celular com preservação da multipotencialidade.

Hydroxyapatite-lignin composite as a metallic implant-bone tissue osseointegration improver: experimental study in dogs / Compósito de hidroxiapatita sintética e lignina como promotor de osseointegração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo: estudo experimental em cães

The study aimed to evaluate biocompatibility, osteoconduction and osseointegration of a pasty composite of hydroxyapatite (20%) and lignin (80%) as a promoter of metal implant and bone tissue integration. An intramedullary Schanz pin was implanted in both tibias of fifteen bitches. In the left tibia, the pin was coated with the biomaterial at the time of surgery. Marrow cavity was also filled with the biomaterial. Right limb did not receive the biomaterial, then constituting the control group. Tibias were harvested from five animals at 8, 60 and 150 days after surgery; three of them were analyzed by histological and biomechanical assessment and the two remaining tibias by X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the biomaterial is biocompatible, with osteoconductivity and osseointegration properties. Histological analysis and diffractograms showed the presence of hydroxyapatite in samples in all periods, although the presence of organic material of low crystallinity was variable. There was no statistical difference in the forces required for removal of the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and osseointegration, it was not able to promote a better intramedullary pin anchorage.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a biocompatibilidade, a osteocondução e a osseointegração de um compósito pastoso de hidroxiapatita (20%) e lignina (80%) como promotor de integração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo. Um pino intramedular de Schanz foi implantado em ambas as tíbias de quinze cadelas. Na tíbia esquerda, o pino foi coberto com o biomaterial no momento da cirurgia. A cavidade medular também foi preenchida com o biomaterial. O membro direito não recebeu o biomaterial, constituindo assim o grupo controle. As tíbias foram coletadas de cinco animais aos oito, 60 e 150 dias após a cirurgia, sendo três encaminhadas para avaliação histológica e biomecânica e as duas restantes, para difração de raios X. Os resultados revelaram biocompatibilidade do material, com propriedades de osteocondução e osseointegração. As análises histológicas e os difratogramas mostraram presença da hidroxiapatita no tecido em todos os períodos avaliados, embora a presença de material orgânico de baixa cristalinidade tenha sido variável. Não houve diferença estatística na força necessária para remoção do pino intramedular entre os tempos ou tratamentos. Embora o biomaterial tenha apresentado biocompatibilidade, osteocondutividade e osseointegração, ele não foi capaz de promover uma melhor ancoragem do pino intramedular.

Hepatectomía derecha extendida con reconstrucción vascular y biliar como tratamiento del hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar con trombosis portal tumoral e infiltración biliar. Reporte de un caso / Right extended hepatectomy with vascular and biliary reconstruction for fibrolamelar hcc with portal vein thrombosis and biliary infiltration. Case report

El hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar, es un tumor de ocurrencia esporádica, que se desarrolla sobre la base de un hígado sano, en ausencia de hepatitis viral, alteraciones metabólicas o algún tipode condición inflamatoria en el hígado. Alcanza una supervivencia de hasta un 70% en 5 años en sujetos sometidos a cirugía con márgenes libres de enfermedad y en aquellos en estadios iniciales.Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 14 años de edad, con clínica de ictericia y aumento de volumen en hipocondrio derecho, estudios de imagen demuestran lesión tumoral de 16 cm que ocupa los segmentos 1,5,6,7, con trombosis tumoral en porta derecha y tronco principal, marcada dilatación de vías biliares. Se practica hepatectomía derecha extendida al lóbulo caudado, con reconstrucción vascular de la vena porta (resección y anastomosis termino-terminal entre el tronco principal y la porta izquierda), resección en bloque de la vía biliar con reconstrucción biliar tipo colangioyeyuno anastomosis al hepático izquierdo. Tiempo quirúrgico 390 minutos, pérdidas sanguíneas estimadas en 1800 ml, estancia en terapia intensiva de 7 días, complicación grado III-A deClavien por colección subdiafragmática y derrame pleural derecho,estancia hospitalaria de 21 días. Resultado histopatológico: hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar, márgenes de resección libres, trombosis tumoral en vena porta, infiltración tumoral simulando trombosis tumoral en la vía biliar principal y hepático derecho, márgenes de vía biliar libres de enfermedad neoplásica, ausencia de metástasis ganglionar. Recibió adyuvancia con gemcitabina y oxaloplatino (6 ciclos), actualmente 16 meses de seguimiento libre de enfermedad con vida sana(AU)

The fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma it is a rare liver tumor,who growth in normal liver parenquima, in absent of viral hepatitis,metabolic liver disorders or any inflammatory condition, the long term survival can reach up to 70% in 5 years.Clinic case: A 14 years old male, with ictericia, abdominal growth circumference, the US and Abdominal CT revealed: 16cm liver tumor in segments 1,5,6,7, with tumoral thrombus in right portalve in and main trunk, and intrahepatic biliary dilatation. Surgical treatment: Extended right hepatectomy to segment 1, with vascular and biliary reconstruction (resection and anastomosis of portal vein). Operative time: 390 minutes, blood looses 1800 ml, ICU 7 days, total hospital stay 21 days, Clavien III-A complications(abdominal abscess and pleural effusion). Pathological results: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, free margin. Adjuvant therapy based on gemcitabine and oxaloplatin (6 cylcles), actually he is 16 months of follow up, disease free and with a normal life(AU)

Achilles tendon of wistar rats treated with laser therapy and eccentric exercise / Tendão calcanear de ratos wistar tratados com laserterapia e exercício excêntrico / Tendón de aquiles de ratas wistar tratados con laserterapia y ejercicio excéntrico

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Both laser therapy and eccentric exercises are used in tendon injuries. However, the association of these physiotherapeutic modalities is yet little investigated.Objective:To evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy associated to eccentric exercise (downhill walking) on Achilles tendinopathy of Wistar rats.Method:Eighteen Achilles tendon from 15 adult male Wistar rats were used. Tendons were distributed in six groups (laser, eccentric exercise, laser and eccentric exercise, rest, contralateral tendon, and healthy tendon). Unilateral tendinopathy was surgically induced by transversal compression followed by scarification of tendon fibers. The treatments laser therapy (904 nm, 3J/cm²) and/or eccentric exercise (downhill walking; 12 m/min; 50 min/day; 15o inclination treadmill) began 24 hours after surgery and remained for 20 days. Clinical and biomechanical analyzes were conducted. Achilles tendon was macroscopically evaluated and the transversal diameter measured. Euthanasia was performed 21 days after lesion induction. Tendons of both limbs were collected and frozen at -20°C until biomechanical analysis, on which the characteristic of maximum load (N), stress at ultimate (MPa) and maximum extension (mm) were analyzed.Results:Swelling was observed within 72 hours postoperative. No fibrous adhesions were observed nor increase in transversal diameter of tendons. Animals with the exercised tendons, but not treated with laser therapy, presented lower (p=0.0000) locomotor capacity. No difference occurred be-tween groups for the biomechanical characteristics maximum load (p=0.4379), stress at ultimate (p=0.4605) and maximum extension (p=0.3820) evaluated, even considering healthy and contralateral tendons.Conclusion:The concomitant use of low-level laser and the eccentric exercise of downhill walking, starting 24 hours after surgically induced tendinopathy, do not result in a tendon with the same biomechanical resistance or elasticity as a healthy tendon. On the other hand, it also does not influence negatively the structure and function of the Achilles tendon.

RESUMOIntrodução:Tanto a laserterapia como exercícios excêntricos são utilizados em lesões tendíneas. Entretanto, a asso-ciação dessas modalidades fisioterapêuticas ainda é pouco investigada.Objetivo:Avaliar o efeito da terapia com laser de baixa potência associada a exercício excêntrico (caminhada em declive) na tendinopatia do tendão calcanear de ratos Wistar.Método:Foram utilizados 18 tendões calcaneares provenientes de 15 ratos Wistar machos adultos. Os tendões foram distribuídos em seis grupos (laser, exercício excêntrico, laser e exercício excêntrico, repouso, tendão contralateral e tendão sadio). A tendinopatia unilateral foi cirurgicamente induzida mediante compressão transversal seguida pela escarificação das fibras tendíneas. Os tratamentos de laserterapia (904 nm, 3J/cm²) e/ou exercício excêntrico (caminhada em declive; 12 m/min; 50 min/dia; esteira com 15o de inclinação) se iniciaram 24 horas após a cirurgia e permaneceram por 20 dias. Foram conduzidas análises clínica e biomecânica. O tendão calcanear foi examinado macroscopicamente, e seu diâmetro transversal mensurado. Eutanásia foi realizada 21 dias após indução da lesão. Os tendões de ambos os membros foram obtidos e congelados a -20°C até realização da análise biomecânica, na qual foram testadas as características de carga máxima (N), tensão na carga (MPa) e extensão (mm) máxima.Resultados:Edema local foi observado nas primeiras 72 horas do pós-operatório. Não foram observadas aderências fibrosas, nem aumento no diâmetro transversal dos tendões. Animais com tendões exercitados, porém não tratados com laserterapia, apresenta-ram menor (p=0,0000) capacidade de locomoção. Não houve diferença entre grupos nas características biomecânicas de carga máxima (p=0,4379), tensão na carga (p=0,4605) e extensão máxima (p=0,3820), inclusive considerando-se tendões sadios e contralaterais.Conclusão:A utilização concomitante de laser de baixa potência e exercício excêntrico de caminhada em declive, iniciados 24 horas após tendinopatia induzida cirurgicamente, não resulta em um tendão biomecanicamente tão resistente ou elástico quanto um tendão saudável. Por outro lado, também não influencia negativamente na estrutura e função do tendão calcanear.

RESUMENIntroducción:Tanto la laserterapia como ejercicios excéntricos son utilizados en lesiones tendíneas. Entretanto, la asociación de esas modalidades fisioterapéuticas aún es poco investigada.Objetivo:Evaluar el efecto de la terapia con láser de baja potencia asociada a ejercicio excéntrico (caminata en declive) en la tendinopatía del tendón de Aquiles de ratas Wistar.Método:Fueron utilizados 18 tendones de Aquiles provenientes de 15 ratas Wistar machos adultos. Los tendones fueron distribuidos en seis grupos (láser, ejercicio excéntrico, láser y ejercicio excéntrico, reposo, tendón contralateral y tendón sano). La tendinopatía unilateral fue quirúrgicamente inducida mediante compre-sión transversal seguida por la escarificación de las fibras tendíneas. Los tratamientos de laserterapia (904 nm, 3J/ cm²) y/o ejercicio excéntrico (caminata en declive; 12 m/min; 50 min/día; cinta con 15o de inclinación) se iniciaron 24 horas después de la cirugía y permanecieron por 20 días. Fueron conducidos análisis clínico y biomecánico. El tendón de Aquiles fue examinado macroscópicamente, y su diámetro transversal medido. Fue realizada eutanasia 21 días después de la inducción de la lesión. Los tendones de ambos miembros fueron obtenidos y congelados a -20°C hasta la realización del análisis biomecánico, en el que fueron probadas las características de carga máxima (N), tensión en la carga (MPa) y extensión (mm) máxima.Resultados:Fue observado edema local en las primeras 72 horas del postoperatorio. No fueron observadas adherencias fibrosas, ni aumento en el diámetro transversal de los tendones. Los animales con tendones ejercitados, aunque no tratados con laserterapia, presentaron menor (p=0,0000) capacidad de locomoción. No hubo diferencia entre grupos en las características biomecánicas de carga máxima (p=0,4379), tensión en la carga (p=0,4605) y extensión máxima (p=0,3820), incluso considerándose tendones sanos y contralaterales.Conclusión:El uso concomitante de láser de baja potencia y ejercicio excéntrico de caminata en declive, iniciados 24 horas después de la tendinopatía inducida quirúrgicamente, no resulta en un tendón biome-cánicamente tan resistente o elástico cuanto un tendón sano. Por otro lado, tampoco influencia negativamente en la estructura y función del tendón de Aquiles.

Genetic risk factors for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Brazilian population with high African ancestry.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL ± P) is the most common orofacial birth defect, exhibiting variable prevalence around the world, often attributed to ethnic and environmental differences. Linkage analyses and genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic susceptibility regions for NSCL ± P, mostly in European-derived or Asian populations. Genetic predisposition to NSCL ± P is ethnicity-dependent, and the genetic basis of susceptibility to NSCL ± P likely varies among populations. The population of Brazil is highly admixed, with highly variable ancestry; thus, the genetic determinants of NSCL ± P susceptibility may be quite different. This study tested association of 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously identified by genome-wide studies in other populations, with NSCL ± P in a Brazilian population with high African ancestry. SNPs rs560426, rs642961, rs1530300, rs987525, rs3758249, rs7078160, rs17085106, and rs13041247 were genotyped in 293 Brazilian patients with NSCL ± P and 352 unaffected Brazilian controls. Each sample was also genotyped for 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion polymorphic markers to characterize genetic ancestry. The average African ancestry background was 31.1% for the NSCL ± P group and 36.7% for the control group. After adjustment for ancestry and multiple testing, the minor alleles of rs3758249 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25-2.01, P = 0.0001) and rs7078160 (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.21-2.07, P = 0.0002) were significantly associated with risk of NSCL ± P. Polymorphisms located in IRF6 (rs642961) and 8q24 (rs1530300 and rs987525) showed marginal associations in this Brazilian population with high African ancestry. These results indicate that rs3758249 at 9q22 and rs7078160 at 10q25.3 represent risk loci for NSCL ± P in the Brazilian population with high African ancestry.

Perfil epidemiológico e análise microbiológica da infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes humanos e animais de companhia / Epidemiological profile and microbiological analysis of surgical site infection in human and pet patients

A infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) tem sido apontada como a terceira causa mais comum de infecção nosocomial. Este estudo objetivou determinar o perfil epidemiológico da ISC e sua associação aos fatores de risco descritos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado no Hospital São João Batista de Viçosa-MG e na Clínica Cirúrgica de Cães e Gatos do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, no período de setembro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. As taxas globais de ISC foram de 0,7% no hospital humano e 3,46% no veterinário. No hospital veterinário, a taxa de ISC não mostrou relação com o potencial de contaminação, apresentando a maior taxa nos procedimentos classificados como limpos. Quanto ao tipo de cirurgia, as ortopédicas são as mais comuns em ambos os hospitais e também as que apresentam maior taxa de ISC. Cirurgias com duração maior que 120 minutos corresponderam a 15,25% do total de procedimentos no hospital humano e são ainda menos comuns no veterinário, com 1,26%. A taxa de ISC não parece estar relacionada à duração da cirurgia nesta estratificação. As bactérias isoladas das feridas cirúrgicas foram multirresistentes e os dados levantados indicam que não houve critério quanto ao emprego da antibioticoprofilaxia, principalmente nas cirurgias limpas. Este cenário mostra que é de extrema relevância a atuação de uma comissão de controle de infecção hospitalar, a fim de garantir obtenção de dados fidedignos, para que se possa avaliar a qualidade do serviço prestado e assim promover a redução dos riscos de complicações pós- operatórias...

Surgical site infection (SSI) has been indicated as the third cause of nosocomial infection. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of SSI and its association with the risk factors. It is a transversal study done at the São João Batista Hospital of Viçosa-MG and at the Surgery Service of the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, from September 2012 to February 2013. Global SSI rates were 0.7% at the human and 3.46% at the veterinary hospitals. At the veterinary hospital, SSI rates were not related to contamination potential, with clean procedures presenting the greater rates. As for the type of surgery, orthopedic ones are the most common in both hospital and also the ones presenting the greater SSI rates. Surgeries during more than 120 minutes were 15.25% of the total of procedures at the human hospital and are even less common in the veterinary, with 1.26%. Rate of SSI does not seem to be related to surgery duration in this classification. Bacteria isolated from surgical wounds were multi-resistant and the obtained data indicated that no criteria of antibiotic prophylaxis existed, mainly for clean surgeries. This scenario shows that the action of a commission to control nosocomial infection are extremely relevant in order to guarantee reliable data so that the quality of service may be evaluated and thus, promoting a decrease the risk of in post-operative complications...

Cirugía de elongación intestinal tipo "Step", en paciente con síndrome de intestino corto y enfermedad de Crohn. Primer caso realizado en Venezuela / Intestinal elongation surgery (step procedure) in a patient with short bowel syndrome and crohn disease. First case done in Venezuela

En el síndrome de intestino corto-insuficiencia intestinal, uno de los principales factores pronóstico, es la longitud intestinal residual, por lo que estrategias quirúrgicas que permitan aumentar la longitud cobran relevar importancia en el proceso de adaptación y eventual autonomía intestinal.Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, portadora de enfermedad de Crohn, con antecedentes de resección masiva de intestino por cuadro hemorrágico, se evidencia en el estudio radiológico moderada dilatación de asas delgadas, por lo que se practica cirugía de elongación intestinal tipo STEP, pudiendo aumentar la longitud intestinal de 32cm a 54cm. Resultados:Tiempo operatorio 270 min, período de seguimiento 10 meses, recuperación nutricional de 14,48 IMC a 22,5 IMC,con un esquema nutricional actual de 3 veces a la semana de 12 horas de administración(AU)

In the short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure, one of the most important key factors is the intestinal measure, so the surgical strategy searching to improve intestinal length is very important in order to facilitate the intestinal adaptation process. Clinic presentation: Female patient, with Crohn disease, previou surgery: massive intestinal resection due to hemorrhage. On intestinal X ray was observed mild dilated jejunum. It was performed intestinal lengthening surgery (STEP procedure). Intestinal length previous surgery 32cm, after procedure 54cm. Results: Operative time 27 min, follow up 10 months, nutritional recover IMC 14,48 to 22,5 Kg/m2 , nutritional therapy: 3 days/week TPN(AU)

Neuroprotective effect of oral choline administration after global brain ischemia in rats.

Choline - now recognized as an essential nutrient - is the most common polar group found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer. Brain ischemia-reperfusion causes lipid peroxidation triggering multiple cell death pathways involving necrosis and apoptosis. Membrane breakdown is, therefore, a major pathophysiologic event in brain ischemia. The ability to achieve membrane repair is a critical step for survival of ischemic neurons following reperfusion injury. The availability of choline is a rate-limiting factor in phospholipid synthesis and, therefore, may be important for timely membrane repair and cell survival. This work aimed at verifying the effects of 7-day oral administration with different doses of choline on survival of CA1 hippocampal neurons following transient global forebrain ischemia in rats. The administration of 400 mg/kg/day divided into two daily doses for 7 consecutive days significantly improved CA1 pyramidal cell survival, indicating that the local availability of this essential nutrient may limit postischemic neuronal survival.

Evaluation of a model for induction of periodontal disease in dogs / Avaliação de um modelo para indução de doença periodontal em cães

There are several methods for inducing periodontal disease in animal models, being the bone defect one of the most reported. This study aimed to evaluate this model, through clinical, radiographic, tomographic and histological analyzes, thus providing standardized data for future regenerative works. Twelve dogs were subjected to the induction protocol. In a first surgical procedure, a mucoperiosteal flap was made on the buccal aspect of the right third and fourth premolars and a defect was produced exposing the furcation and mesial and distal roots, with dimensions: 5mm coronoapical, 5mm mesiodistal, and 3mm buccolingual. Periodontal ligament and cementum were curetted and the defect was filled with molding polyester, which was removed after 21 days on new surgical procedure. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed after the two surgeries and before the collection of parts for dental tomography and histological analysis. All animals showed grade II furcation exposure in both teeth. Clinical attachment level increased after induction. Defect size did not change for coronoapical and buccolingual measurements, while mesiodistal size was significantly higher than at the time of defect production. Radiographic analysis showed decreased radiopacity and discontinuity of lamina dura in every tooth in the furcation area. The horizontal progression of the disease was evident in micro-computed tomography and defect content in the histological analysis. Therefore, it is concluded that this method promotes the induction of periodontal disease in dogs in a standardized way, thus being a good model for future work.

Existem vários métodos para indução de doença periodontal em modelos animais, sendo o do defeito ósseo um dos mais descritos. Este estudo objetiva avaliar esse modelo em cães, por análises clínica, radiográfica, tomográfica e histológica, fornecendo assim dados padronizados para trabalhos futuros. Doze cães foram submetidos ao protocolo de indução. Em um primeiro procedimento cirúrgico, um retalho mucoperiosteal foi produzido na face vestibular do terceiro e do quarto dentes pré-molares direitos e foi criado um defeito, expondo a furca e parte das raízes mesial e distal, com as dimensões: 5 mm corono-apical, 5 mm mesio-distal e 3 mm vestíbulo-lingual. O ligamento periodontal e o cemento foram curetados e o defeito foi então preenchido com poliéster de moldagem, que foi removido após 21 dias em um novo procedimento cirúrgico. Exames clínicos e radiográficos foram realizados após as duas cirurgias e antes da coleta dos dentes e tecidos associados para análise tomográfica e histológica. Todos os animais apresentaram exposição de furca grau II em ambos os dentes. O nível clínico de inserção aumentou após a indução. O tamanho do defeito não apresentou alteração nas medidas corono-apical e vestíbulo-lingual, enquanto o tamanho mesio-distal foi significativamente maior que o produzido. Análise radiográfica mostrou diminuição da radiopacidade e descontinuidade da lamina dura na região da furca dos dois dentes. A progressão horizontal da doença foi evidente na microtomografia e pelo conteúdo do defeito nas análises histológicas. Assim, conclui-se que este modelo promove a indução de doença periodontal em cães de forma padronizada, sendo um bom modelo para trabalhos futuros.

Analysis of susceptibility polymorphisms for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Although genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations around the world, the role of most loci is unknown in the highly heterogeneous Brazilian population. METHODS: To determine the association of 7 markers that showed genome-wide significant association in Brazilians with NSCL/P, we conducted a structured association study conditioned upon the individual ancestry proportions to evaluate markers at 1p36 (rs742071), 2p21 (rs7590268), 3p11.1 (rs7632427), 8q21.3 (rs12543318), 13q31.1 (rs8001641), 15q22.2 (rs1873147), and 17q22 (rs227731) in 505 patients with NSCL/P and 594 healthy controls recruited from 2 different geographical regions of Brazil. The polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan 5'-exonuclease allelic discrimination assay, and each sample was independently typed for 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion markers to characterize the genomic ancestry. RESULTS: After Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, significant associations with NSCL/P were observed for rs742071, rs1873147, and rs227731. However, the frequency of the risk alleles varied between the geographical regions, according to the proportions of European and African genomic ancestry. The group enriched by European ancestry showed significant association with rs227731 (p = 0.001), whereas the group with high African ancestry was significantly associated with rs1873147 polymorphism (p = 0.005). The significant association with rs742071 was only detected in the combined sample (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study revealed the associations of 1p36 (rs742071), 15q22 (rs1873147), and 17p22 (rs227731) with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population, and further confirmed that the genetic heterogeneity of NSCL/P may be related to the different ethnic background of the affected individuals.