ABSTRACT
Cryptococcus spp. are human pathogens that cause 181,000 deaths per year. In this work, we systematically investigated the virulence attributes of Cryptococcus spp. clinical isolates and correlated them with patient data to better understand cryptococcosis. We collected 66 C. neoformans and 19 C. gattii clinical isolates and analyzed multiple virulence phenotypes and host-pathogen interaction outcomes. C. neoformans isolates tended to melanize faster and more intensely and produce thinner capsules in comparison with C. gattii. We also observed correlations that match previous studies, such as that between secreted laccase and disease outcome in patients. We measured Cryptococcus colony melanization kinetics, which followed a sigmoidal curve for most isolates, and showed that faster melanization correlated positively with LC3-associated phagocytosis evasion, virulence in Galleria mellonella and worse prognosis in humans. These results suggest that the speed of melanization, more than the total amount of melanin Cryptococcus spp. produces, is crucial for virulence.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide sufficient information on the clinical outcome of zirconia implants, mainly observing the survival rate and marginal bone loss (MBL), with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, to verify the adoption of ceramics as a rational possibility for dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic electronic search through the PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases was performed by two independent reviewers to identify clinical studies published between January 2005 and April 2019 containing a minimum of 10 patients per study and 12 months of follow-up after functional loading. References from the selected articles were manually reviewed for further studies. RESULTS: From the initial 1,225 articles retrieved, 19 met all the inclusion criteria. The marginal bone remodeling accounted for mean losses of 0.8 mm (95% CI: 0.60 to 1.00 mm) and 1.01 mm (95% CI: 0.72 to 1.29 mm) at 1 year and 2 years postloading, respectively. The failure rate of 6.8% was calculated for a mean follow-up period of 2.75 years, where the prevalence of early failure, late failure, and implant fracture was 3.4%, 1.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. The meta-analysis associated with the survival rate of one- and two-piece zirconia dental implants was hindered due to the lack of confidence interval or standard deviation information in most of the included articles. CONCLUSION: Zirconia implants presented MBL values consistent with the standard in the global consensus, high survival rates, and considerable clinical results at short-term observation periods following prosthetic delivery.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss , Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration Failure , Humans , ZirconiumABSTRACT
Introduction: patients have been submitted to tooth bleaching during orthodontic treatment for aesthetic purposes or to anticipate the replacement of restorations after completion of the treatment. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of tooth bleaching under orthodontic brackets bonded with different materials. Material and method: a hundred bovine enamel blocks were divided into two groups, at-home and in-office tooth bleaching. In-office bleaching was subdivided into five groups (n = 10): HP (control - without brackets); SA(t) - brackets bonded with Transbond XT, without bleaching; SA(fm) - brackets bonded with Orthodontic Fill Magic, without bleaching; HP(t) - brackets bonded with Transbond XT subjected to bleaching; and HP(fm) - brackets bonded with Orthodontic Fill Magic subjected to bleaching. At-home bleaching followed the same treatments, only replacing the bleaching agent. Spectrophotometric assessment was used for tooth color determination at three moments: 1) before staining (baseline); 2) after staining; 3) after bonding the brackets and bleaching procedures. Data were submitted to ANOVA and analyzed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Result: For both types of bleaching, the control group had an effective bleaching action. Groups using Transbond XT presented greater bleaching potential among the groups with orthodontic accessory, but the bleaching action differed from the positive control. Groups using Orthodontic Fill Magic presented no bleaching action, resembling the negative control groups (artificial saliva). Conclusion: the orthodontic bracket impaired the effectiveness of the at-home and in-office bleaching treatment, regardless of the resin used for bonding.
Introdução: pacientes estão sendo submetidos ao clareamento durante tratamento ortodôntico com finalidade estética ou para antecipar a troca de restaurações após finalização do tratamento ortodôntico. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do clareamento dentário sob braquete ortodôntico fixado com diferentes materiais. Material e método: cem blocos de esmalte bovino foram divididos em dois grupos, clareamento de consultório e clareamento caseiro. O de clareamento de consultório foi subdividido em cinco (n=10): HP (controle - sem braquetes); SA(t) - braquetes fixados com Transbond XT, sem clareamento; SA(fm) - braquetes fixados com Fill Magic Ortodôntico, sem clareamento; HP(t) - braquetes fixados com Transbond XT submetidos ao clareamento e HP(fm) - braquetes fixados com Fill Magic Ortodôntico submetidos ao clareamento. O clareamento caseiro seguiu a mesma divisão descrita para o clareamento de consultório substituindo-se o agente clareador. Foram realizadas avaliações da cor através do espectrofotômetro nos tempos: 1) antes do manchamento (baseline); 2) após o manchamento; 3) após fixação dos braquetes e procedimentos clareadores. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e diferenças analisadas através do teste de Tukey (p˂0,05). Resultado: Para os dois tipos de clareamento o grupo controle teve ação clareadora efetiva. Grupos fixados com Transbond XT apresentaram maior potencial clareador dentre os grupos que apresentaram acessório ortodôntico, mas com ação clareadora diferente do controle positivo. Grupos fixados com Fill Magic Ortodôntico não apresentaram ação clareadora, assemelhando-se aos grupos controle negativo (saliva artificial). Conclusão: o braquete ortodôntico prejudicou a efetividade do tratamento clareador caseiro e de consultório, independente da resina utilizada para a fixação.
