ABSTRACT
Contexto: O uso de drogas tem tomado grandes dimensões e repercute na saúde pública e ambiente de trabalho, expondo o indivíduo a um maior risco de acidentes de trabalho e ao comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da atençaÌo de empregados usuários de drogas e não usuários, em exame computadorizado de atenção (EAC). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou o desempenho dos indivíduos no EAC em cada um dos seus parâmetros ("omissão", " erros", "média do tempo de reação" e "variabilidade do tempo de reação"). Nas análises, foram utilizadas a descritiva, o Teste t, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e as correlações múltiplas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 controles (PC) e 23 dependentes químicos (DQ), dos quais 9 faziam uso de 3 tipos de drogas ou mais, sendo que a substância prevalente foi o álcool (100,00%) e a associação mais frequente foi deste com a cocaína (69,56%). No que tange ao EAC, os valores obtidos de média±desvio padrão para os parâmetros avaliados foram 502,39±57,16 no grupo DQ e 445,52±37,95 no grupo PC, para "média do tempo de reação"; e 92,96±26,48 no grupo DQ e 66,26±11,86 no grupo PC, para "variabilidade no tempo de reação". Os valores de mediana e erro padrão obtidos foram 1,19±4,46 no grupo DQ e 0,00±0,00 no grupo PC, para "omissão"; 3,57±1,98 no grupo DQ e 1,19±0,30 no grupo PC, para "erros". Conclusão: Observou-se a prevalência do uso de álcool, principalmente em associação com cocaína. Sobre a atenção, os resultados demonstraram que, independente do parâmetro, todos os valores são inferiores aos encontrados em controles normais (p<0,05), demonstrando que o uso de qualquer tipo de droga compromete o desempenho atencional, podendo limitar atividades laborais e gerar impacto nas atividades de vida diária, colocando em risco a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Palavras-chave | atenção; testes neuropsicológicos; saúde do trabalhador; transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias.(AU)
Context: The use of drugs has large effects in public health and the working environment, potentially exposing workers to the risk of accidents and compromising their quality of life. Objectives: To compare the attention span between drug users and normal employees (controls), using a computerized test of their attention. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective, evaluating the performance of individuals with a test in each of its parameters ("omission", "errors", "average reaction time" and "variability of reaction time").Thus, the descriptive analysis included t and Mann-Whitney tests and multiple correlations. Results: The current study selected a total of 23 controls (PC) and 23 drug users (DQ), of which 9 were using 3 or more different types of drugs; the most prevalent substance was alcohol (100.00%) and the most frequent association was alcohol and cocaine (69.56%). Based on the computerized attention test, the values of mean±standard deviation were 502.39±57.16 for the chemically dependent group and 445.52±37.95 for the control group to "average reaction time"; 92.96±26.48 for the chemically dependent group and 66.26±11.86 for the control group to "variability in reaction time". The median and standard error values were 1.19±4.46 for the chemically dependent group and 0.00±0.00 for the control group to "omissions"; 3.57±1.98 for the chemically dependent group and 1.19±0.30 for the control group to "errors". Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse especially in combination with cocaine. The results showed that regardless of the parameters all the result scores are lower than those found in normal controls (p<0.05), showing that the use of any type of drug may influence attentional performance, restrict labor activities and impact other daily activities resulting in damage to the health and safety of employees.(AU)
Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Substance-Related Disorders , Work Performance , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a disease of ascending character in the world population; in this context, bone biomarkers are being increasingly studied in order to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. The main objective of this study was a literature review of articles whose main theme was the use of biomarkers for bone formation and degradation, and to evaluate their possible applicability in clinical practice. Literature review was performed through articles indexed and published in the last five years in the PubMed database. The findings of this study showed that most of the previously selected articles were published in the last two years, and the most cited markers were bone resorption, C-terminal collagen telopeptide (CTX), showing the highest correlation with the dynamics of bone, and the biomarker of bone formation, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), which is increased in the event of fracture or may suggest another bone disease. There was an increase in published articles, associating different bone biomarkers and their clinical applicability, especially for treatment control. Our findings suggest that in recent years there has been significant increase in publications evaluating the use of bone turnover biomarkers for bone formation and resorption and their possible clinical applicability, especially in the monitoring of treatment. Still, we believe that further studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings, given the advantages that bone biomarkers can deliver in the clinical management of the disease.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Bone Density , Bone Remodeling , Bone Resorption/metabolism , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Female , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Humans , Osteogenesis , Osteoporosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Summary Osteoporosis is a disease of ascending character in the world population; in this context, bone biomarkers are being increasingly studied in order to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. The main objective of this study was a literature review of articles whose main theme was the use of biomarkers for bone formation and degradation, and to evaluate their possible applicability in clinical practice. Literature review was performed through articles indexed and published in the last five years in the PubMed database. The findings of this study showed that most of the previously selected articles were published in the last two years, and the most cited markers were bone resorption, C-terminal collagen telopeptide (CTX), showing the highest correlation with the dynamics of bone, and the biomarker of bone formation, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), which is increased in the event of fracture or may suggest another bone disease. There was an increase in published articles, associating different bone biomarkers and their clinical applicability, especially for treatment control. Our findings suggest that in recent years there has been significant increase in publications evaluating the use of bone turnover biomarkers for bone formation and resorption and their possible clinical applicability, especially in the monitoring of treatment. Still, we believe that further studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings, given the advantages that bone biomarkers can deliver in the clinical management of the disease.
Resumo A osteoporose é uma doença de caráter ascendente na população mundial. Nesse contexto, os biomarcadores ósseos vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados com o propósito de auxiliar no diagnóstico e acompanhamento desses pacientes. Os principais objetivos deste estudo incluem realizar uma revisão da literatura dos artigos cujo principal tema estudado foi a utilização dos biomarcadores de formação e degradação óssea, e avaliar uma possível aplicabilidade desses biomarcadores na prática clínica. A revisão da literatura foi realizada com artigos indexados e publicados nos últimos cinco anos, utilizando a base de dados PubMed. Os achados deste trabalho mostraram que a maioria dos artigos previamente selecionados foram publicados nos últimos dois anos, e os marcadores mais citados foram o de reabsorção óssea, o C-telopeptídeo do colágeno (CTX), que mostra maior correlação com a dinâmica do osso, e o biomarcador de formação óssea, a fosfatase alcalina específica do osso (BAP), cujos valores aumentados estão relacionados à vigência de fratura ou sugerem uma outra doença óssea. Foi observado um aumento dos artigos publicados associando os diferentes biomarcadores ósseos e uma possível aplicabilidade clínica, principalmente no controle do tratamento. As nossas conclusões sugerem que nos últimos anos houve aumento significativo das publicações avaliando o uso dos biomarcadores de remodelação óssea de formação e reabsorção e uma possível aplicabilidade clínica, principalmente na monitorização do tratamento. No entanto, acreditamos que novos estudos precisam ser conduzidos a fim de confirmar esses achados, tendo em vista as vantagens que os biomarcadores ósseos apresentam no manejo clínico da doença.