Retrospective Study of the Analgesic Effect of Sacroiliac Joint Radiofrequency Denervation.

BACKGROUND: Interventional radiofrequency (RF) ablation techniques are indicated when an adequate effect is not obtained with conservative measures. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate pain relief after RF denervation of the sacroiliac joint. The secondary objective was to evaluate pain intensity and relief duration. STUDY DESIGN: The study was retrospective. SETTING: The study was conducted at Vera Cruz Hospital, Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected from the medical records of patients undergoing RF denervation for low back pain originating in the sacroiliac joint, from January 2015 to December 2017. There were 78 patients studied, between 18 and 65 years old, of both genders, ASA I or II, who underwent knee arthroscopic meniscectomy. The patients were submitted to denervation of sacroiliac joint by 3 types of RF (conventional, pulsed, and cooled). The following parameters were evaluated, number of patients who obtained ? 50% pain relief; pain intensity, measured using the visual analog scale (before the procedure and 15, 30, 90 and 180 days after, performed by the same evaluator); and the use of complementary analgesic for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 78 included patients, 56 (71.8%) underwent conventional RF, 9 (11.5%) underwent pulsed RF, and 13 (16.7%) underwent cooled RF. There were losses to follow-up including 40 patients who underwent conventional RF, 5 who underwent pulsed RF, and 12 who underwent cooled RF, who were retained for 6 months. There was significant pain relief with the three types of RF for up to 6 months of follow-up, with no difference among the types. After 6 months, 90.2% of patients who underwent conventional RF, 100% who underwent pulsed RF, and 91.7% who underwent cooled RF maintained ≥ 50% pain relief. Complementary analgesics were used by 95% of the patients who underwent conventional RF, 80% who underwent pulsed RF, and 91% who underwent cooled RF 2 weeks after the procedure. There were mild adverse effects, such as edema, hematoma, and local pain, without complications. LIMITATIONS: As for limitations, the number of pulsed and cooled RF is low and in a retrospective study some data may be missing, especially from follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RF denervation of the sacroiliac joint is effective and promotes a long-lasting analgesic effect.

Alternativas para lograr la revascularización arterial total usando una o ambas arterias mamarias y el remanente distal de una de ellas como únicos injertos / Alternatives to achieve total arterial revascularization using one or both mammary arteries and distal remnant of them as unique grafts

Introducción: Toda cirugía de revascularización miocárdica debe estar dirigida a lograr que el paciente permanezca el mayor tiempo posible sin necesidad de una nueva revascularización. La revascularización arterial total contribuye a alcanzar este propósito. Objetivo: Demostrar que ambas arterias mamarias pueden ser utilizadas, en varias configuraciones, para lograr la revascularización arterial total. Métodos: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes, 29 de género masculino y 6 del femenino, con edad promedio de 54,2 años, a quienes se les revascularizaron una o ambas arterias mamarias, en el período entre enero de 2012 y septiembre de 2014, para un seguimiento medio de 13,1 meses. El valor del Euroscore aditivo fue de 0 para los hombres y 1 para las mujeres. Resultados: Se describieron siete configuraciones para lograr la revascularización arterial total, usando una o ambas arterias mamarias y el remanente distal de una de las arterias mamarias como únicos injertos. No hubo fallecimientos ni complicaciones mayores en los pacientes revascularizados. Seis meses después todos permanecían asintomáticos y sin nuevos signos de isquemia en los territorios revascularizados. Conclusiones: La revascularización arterial total, utilizando una o ambas arterias mamarias y el remanente distal de una de ellas es posible y arroja buenos resultados en pacientes seleccionados.

Introduction: The aim of all coronary artery bypass grafts should be to allow patients to stay as long as possible without the need to repeat revascularization. Total arterial revascularization contributes to achieving these purposes. Objective: To demonstrate that both mammary arteries can be used in various configurations to achieve total arterial revascularization. Methods: 35 patients were included, 29 male and 6 female, with age average of 54.2 years, who were revascularized with one or both mammary arteries in the period between January 2012 and September 2014, with a mean follow-up time of 13.1 months. The additive EuroSCORE was 0 for men and 1 for women. Results: Seven configurations are described to achieve total arterial revascularization using one or both mammary arteries and the distal remnant of a mammary arteries as single grafts. There were no deaths or major complications in patients revascularized. Six months later, all were asymptomatic with no new signs of ischemia in revascularized territories. Conclusions: Total arterial revascularization using one or both mammary arteries and distal remaining one is possible and gives good results in selected patients.

Comportamiento de los pacientes ancianos operados de cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorpórea / Evolution of elderly patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Introducción: Cada día se incrementa el número de pacientes añosos con enfermedades cardiovasculares graves, que requieren de un acto quirúrgico para devolverle cierta calidad de vida que los haga socialmente útiles, a pesar de los riesgos. Objetivos: Analizar el comportamiento de los pacientes añosos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorpórea. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, con los pacientes de más de 65 años de edad intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Cardiocentro Ernesto Che Guevara, de Santa Clara, desde enero del 2013 a marzo del 2014. Resultados: El 73,1 por ciento fueron hombres y predominaron los pacientes comprendidos entre los 65 y 70 años con un 67,3 por ciento. La revascularización miocárdica fue la cirugía de más incidencia y tiempos prolongados de circulación extracorpórea. El 98,1 por ciento pade-cían de hipertensión arterial. Las complicaciones posoperatorias más frecuentes fueron la disfunción renal y el bajo gasto grave con 44,2 y 34,6 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Predominaron los hombres, de 65 a 70 años, hipertensos, sometidos arevascularización miocárdica con circulación extracorpórea prolongada, siendo la disfunción renal la complicación más frecuente(AU)

Validación temporal del modelo Euroscore para la evaluación de los resultados de la cirugía de sustitución valvular mitral / Temporary validation of EuroSCORE model for assessing the results of mitral valve replacement surgery

Introducción y objetivos: La estimación del riesgo quirúrgico preoperatorio puede hacerse a través de los modelos matemáticos o escalas de predicción clínica. El objetivo fue validar el Euroscore para evaluar los resultados inmediatos de la cirugía de sustitución valvular mitral. Método: Estudio analítico, longitudinal, de seguimiento prospectivo en 158 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por enfermedad valvular mitral en el Cardiocentro Ernesto Che Guevara, de Villa Clara, durante los años 2007-2010. Se calculó el valor del Euroscore a todos los pacientes. La calibración del modelo se evaluó mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. La capacidad de discriminación se analizó a través del cálculo del valor del área bajo la curva COR. Resultados: El valor medio del Euroscore fue de 2,1 con una desviación típica de 1,45. La mortalidad esperada fue del 3,9 por ciento, inferior a la observada que fue de 4,4 por ciento. Los fallecidos presentaron medias del Euroscore de 5,9 vs. 1,95 de los que no fallecieron (p=0.00). Los que tuvieron complicaciones graves mostraron una puntuación media mayor que ante la ausencia de estas, 3,45 vs. 1,84, diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas (p=0.000). El área bajo la curva COR fue de 0,97, con significación de 0.000 para los que fallecieron, y la presencia de complicaciones graves con un área bajo la curva de 0,70 y significación de 0.002. Conclusiones: El Euroscore es confiable para predecir la mortalidad precoz en los pacientes a los que se les ha realizado cirugía de sustitución valvular mitral en nuestro Hospital. El Euroscore no predijo morbilidad grave precoz(AU)

Prevalência de infecção nosocomial em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Rio Grande do Sul / The prevalence of nosocomial infection in Intensive Care Units in the State of Rio Grande do Sul

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de infecções adquiridas em UTI e os fatores de risco para estas infecções, identificar os organismos infectantes mais prevalentes, avaliar a relação entre infecção adquirida na UTI e mortalidade. MÉTODO: Estudo de prevalência de um dia. Participaram do estudo 16 UTI do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, excluindo unidades coronarianas ou pediátricas. Todos os pacientes com idade maior que 12 anos, ocupando um leito de UTI por um período de 24h, foram incluídos. As 16 UTI coletaram dados de 174 pacientes. Principais desfechos: taxas de infecção adquirida na UTI, padrões de resistência dos patógenos isolados e fatores potenciais de risco para infecção adquirida na UTI e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Um total de 122 pacientes (71 por cento) estava infectado, e 51 (29 por cento) adquiriram infecção na UTI. Pneumonia (58,2 por cento), infecção do trato respiratório inferior (22,9 por cento), infecção do trato urinário (18 por cento) foram os tipos mais freqüentes de infecção. Os microorganismos mais relatados foram stafilococos aureus (42 por cento [64 por cento resistentes a oxacilina]) e pseudomonas aeruginosa (31 por cento). Seis fatores de risco foram identificados para infecção adquirida na UTI: cateter urinário, acesso vascular central, intubação traqueal por tempo prolongado (> 4 dias), doença crônica, trauma e internação prolongada na UTI (> 30 dias). Os fatores de risco associados à morte foram idade, APACHE II, falência orgânica e prótese em via aérea com ou sem ventilação mecânica. CONCLUSÕES: A infecção adquirida na UTI é comum e freqüentemente associada a isolados de microorganismos resistentes. Este estudo, apesar de sua abrangência regional, serve de referência epidemiológica para ajudar a programar políticas de controle de infecção.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and the risk factors for these infections, identify the predominant infecting organisms, and evaluate the relationship between ICU-acquired infection and mortality. METHODS: A 1-day point prevalence study. Sixteen ICU of the State of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, excluding coronary care and pediatric units. All patients < 12 yrs occupying an ICU bed over a 24-hour period. The 16 ICU provided 174 case reports. Main outcomes: rates of ICU-acquired infection, resistance patterns of microbiological isolates, and potential risks factors for ICU-acquired infection and death. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (71 percent) was infected and 51 (29 percent) had ICU-acquired infection. Pneumonia (58.2 percent), lower tract respiratory infection (22.9 percent), urinary tract infection (18 percent) were the most frequents types of ICU infection. Most frequently microorganisms reported were staphylococcus aureus (42 percent [64 percent resistant to oxacilin]) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (31 percent). Six risk factors for ICU acquired infection were identified: urinary catheterization, central vascular line, tracheal intubation for prolonged time (> 4 days), chronic disease and increased length of ICU stay (> 30 days). The risks factors associated with death were age, APACHE II, organ dysfunction, and tracheal intubation with or without mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: ICU-acquired infection is common and often associated with microbiological isolates of resistant organisms. This study may serve as an epidemiological reference to help the discussion of regional infection control policies.

[The prevalence of nosocomial infection in Intensive Care Units in the State of Rio Grande do Sul]. / Prevalência de infecção nosocomial em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Rio Grande do Sul.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and the risk factors for these infections, identify the predominant infecting organisms, and evaluate the relationship between ICU-acquired infection and mortality. METHODS: A 1-day point prevalence study. Sixteen ICU of the State of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, excluding coronary care and pediatric units. All patients < 12 yrs occupying an ICU bed over a 24-hour period. The 16 ICU provided 174 case reports. MAIN OUTCOMES: rates of ICU-acquired infection, resistance patterns of microbiological isolates, and potential risks factors for ICU-acquired infection and death. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (71%) was infected and 51 (29%) had ICU-acquired infection. Pneumonia (58.2%), lower tract respiratory infection (22.9%), urinary tract infection (18%) were the most frequents types of ICU infection. Most frequently microorganisms reported were staphylococcus aureus (42% [64% resistant to oxacilin]) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (31%). Six risk factors for ICU acquired infection were identified: urinary catheterization, central vascular line, tracheal intubation for prolonged time (> 4 days), chronic disease and increased length of ICU stay (> 30 days). The risks factors associated with death were age, APACHE II, organ dysfunction, and tracheal intubation with or without mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: ICU-acquired infection is common and often associated with microbiological isolates of resistant organisms. This study may serve as an epidemiological reference to help the discussion of regional infection control policies.