ABSTRACT
Dogs with histologically confirmed lymphoma were treated with a 14-week induction chemotherapy protocol that included dexamethasone. A phase II clinical trial was done using a standard two-stage design. Complete remission occurred in 21 (88%) dogs, with a median initial progression-free interval of 186 days. Toxicity was mild and self-limiting in the majority of dogs.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Lymphoma/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Dogs , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Female , Immunophenotyping/veterinary , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Male , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Remission Induction , Time Factors , Vincristine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of cisplatin administered with piroxicam, the antitumor activity and toxicity of cisplatin combined with piroxicam in dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the effects of piroxicam on the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in dogs with tumors. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. ANIMALS: 25 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with a combination of cisplatin (escalating dose with 6 hours of diuresis with saline [0.9% NaCI] solution) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg 10.14 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). The initial cisplatin dose (50 mg/m2) was increased by 5 mg/m2 until the MTD was reached. Tumor stage and size were determined at 6-week intervals during treatment. The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin were determined in dogs receiving a combination of cisplatin and piroxicam during the clinical trial and dogs that were treated with cisplatin alone. RESULTS: 11 dogs with OMM and 9 dogs with SCC were included in the clinical trial. The MTD of cisplatin when administered in combination with piroxicam was 50 mg/m2. Tumor remission occurred in 5 of 9 dogs with SCC and 2 of 11 dogs with OMM. The most common abnormality observed was renal toxicosis. Clearance of cisplatin in dogs that were treated with cisplatin alone was not significantly different from that in dogs treated with a combination of cisplatin and piroxicam. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cisplatin administered in combination with piroxicam had antitumor activity against OMM and SCC. The level of toxicity was acceptable, although renal function must be monitored carefully.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Melanoma/veterinary , Mouth Neoplasms/veterinary , Piroxicam/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Cisplatin/pharmacokinetics , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation/veterinary , Drug Interactions , Female , Male , Melanoma/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Piroxicam/adverse effects , Piroxicam/pharmacology , Prospective Studies , Remission Induction , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A 5-year-old, castrated male, golden retriever was presented with a history of regurgitation. An esophagram revealed normal peristalsis with failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to open, supporting the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia. Prior to surgery, the dog developed megaesophagus. Heller's esophagomyotomy resolved the clinical signs and the esophageal dilation.
