[Polizeistaat and police against pestilence: Russian authorities and law in the fight against the threat of epidemics in the 1st third of the 18th century].

The beginning of the 18th century in the history of the Russian state and society was marked by the beginning of large-scale transformations initiated by Peter I. As a result of these reforms, the patriarchal Moscow kingdom turned into a "regular" Russian empire, the political, legal and administrative structure of which differed significantly from what it was before. It is no coincidence that Peter is often referred to as a «revolutionary on the throne.¼ In his actions, Peter was guided by the idea of the "common good" and the ideas of the "regular" state and Polizeistaat. He drew them in Western Europe, in the countries of the Protestant circle - Prussia, Denmark, Sweden. One of the leading ideas of the Polizeistaat doctrine was the state's active policy to form a welfare society, which was supposed to be achieved through the active intervention of the authorities in the daily life of citizens, its regulation and regulation through various regulations, instructions and instructions. A regular, properly organized police force was one of the most important instruments of such intervention, which had as its ultimate goal the creation of conditions for the growth of the well-being of subjects and their number. This growth in the number of subject population was also achieved through the creation of a system of measures to prevent epidemics and their consequences. In this article, the authors, relying on the materials of the Petrine legislation, reconstruct the course of the gradual formation of sanitary legislation in Petrine Russia.

[The "Nastas'in Pestilence": the Great Plague of 1417-1425 in Rus].

The plague pandemic ("The Black Death") that struck Eurasia in the middle of XIV century, "settled" this lethal disease in Europe for a long time. The new outbreaks of this disease, with breaks of several years, occurred in single cities, regions and states, covering sometimes entire continent over the next centuries. However, impression that "The Black Death" made upon minds of European scribes, staggering European society by its inevitability, for a long time determined particular angle of view under which it is accepted to consider the history of plague in Europe in the epoch of Middle Ages and early New Age. The image of The Great Plague of XIV century overshadowed all subsequent outbreaks of this lethal disease, so its subsequent occurrences are traditionally given less attention. The article, being based on on analysis of numerous chronicle evidences, for the first time in Russian historiography analyzes the history of plague in Rus during first decades of XV century and restores chronology of its occurrence and development and determines areas affected by the plague in the first place, estimating caused damage.