ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Data are scarce regarding the association between the presence of caput succedaneum and the mode of delivery. AIMS: To evaluate the presence and clinical significance of caput succedaneum thickness in prolonged second stage of labour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of women, beyond 37 weeks of gestation, during prolonged second stage of labour. Transperineal ultrasound was performed to assess the caput succedaneum thickness. The relationships between caput succedaneum thickness, feto-maternal characteristics, delivery mode and immediate post-natal outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight women, of whom 47 were nulliparas, in prolonged second stage of labour, were included in the study. The caput succedaneum thickness could be measured in all cases. Overall mean thickness was 21.9 (±4.9) mm (range 14-40 mm). No significant difference or correlation was found between caput succedaneum thickness, fetal head positions, modes of delivery, duration of second stage, head circumference or neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Caput succedaneum is measurable in all cases at prolonged second stage using transperineal sonography. Its presence and dimensions presented in our pilot study seem to have no implication on delivery mode and neonatal outcome.
Subject(s)
Birth Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Labor Stage, Second , Adult , Apgar Score , Birth Injuries/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Head/anatomy & histology , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Infant, Newborn , Labor Presentation , Length of Stay , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Term Birth , Time Factors , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
This study investigated the effect of intravaginal administration of probiotics immediately after oocyte retrieval on vaginal colonization and outcome of the IVF-embryo transfer cycle. One hundred and seventeen women who underwent ovarian stimulation and IVF were randomized immediately after oocyte retrieval into two groups: those who received intravaginal probiotics (study group, n = 50) and those who did not (control group, n = 67). Vaginal colonization with lactobacilli and pregnancy rate were compared between the two groups. No significant between-group differences were observed in patient age, oestrogen and progesterone concentrations on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, number of embryos transferred, or pregnancy rate. The presence of lactobacilli in the vagina during oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer did not improve the pregnancy rate. Furthermore, intravaginal administration of lactobacilli following oocyte retrieval did not affect the prevalence of lactobacilli during embryo transfer, or the pregnancy rate. Intravaginal probiotic supplementation immediately after oocyte retrieval has no effect on vaginal colonization or pregnancy rate in IVF cycles.
