Syphilis, leprosy, and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: a challenging diagnosis.

The association between syphilis, leprosy, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not well documented, and the emergence of isolated cases raises the interest and indicates that this triple coinfection can occur. We report the case of a 42-year-old man from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who presented with erythematous papules on the trunk, back, and upper and lower extremities; an erythematous plaque on the upper abdomen; and an erythematous violaceous plaque on the right thigh with altered sensitivity. Laboratory investigation showed a reagent VDRL test (1:512) and positive test results for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination. Treatment with benzathine penicillin (2,400,000 U intramuscularly) was started (2 doses 1 week apart). On follow-up 40 days later, the lesions showed partial improvement with persistence of the plaques on the right thigh and upper abdomen as well as a new similar plaque on the back. Further laboratory examinations showed negative bacilloscopy, positive HIV test, and histologic findings consistent with tuberculoid leprosy. The patient was started on multidrug therapy for paucibacillary leprosy with clinical improvement; the patient also was monitored by the HIV/AIDS department. We emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion for a coinfection case despite the polymorphism of these diseases as well as the precise interpretation of laboratory and histopathology examinations to correctly manage atypical cases.

Cutaneous manifestations of Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic genetic disease associated with structural, behavioral, and intellectual disorders. The clinical appearance of PWS includes dysmorphic facial features with almond-shaped eyes, a narrow bifrontal diameter, and a thin upper lip; short stature; central obesity; and small hands and feet. We present a case of a 27-year-old woman with PWS and describe the typical clinical features and cutaneous manifestations of PWS.

Elaioconiosis--case report.

Elaioconiosis is a work-related acneiform dermatosis which affects the exposed skin of individuals working with oils or greases. Its incidence has decreased with the introduction of personal protective equipment, personal hygiene measures and the cleaning of work clothes. Although not a rare disease, elaioconiosis is seldom reported in the literature, particularly in Brazil. Sufferers need to take time off work to proceed with the prolonged treatment to resolve the lesions caused by this condition.

Elaioconiose: relato de caso / Elaioconiosis: case report

Elaioconiose é uma dermatose ocupacional do tipo acneiforme que afeta as áreas expostas de trabalhadores que lidam com óleos ou graxas. Atualmente, com o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual, medidas de higiene pessoal e lavagem dos uniformes de trabalho, sua incidência diminuiu. Apesar de não ser uma doença rara, é pouco relatada na literatura, principalmente na nacional. Seu tratamento é lento e para a resolução das lesões, requer o afastamento do trabalhador de suas atividades laborativas.

Elaioconiosis is a work-related acneiform dermatosis which affects the exposed skin of individuals working with oils or greases. Its incidence has decreased with the introduction of personal protective equipment, personal hygiene measures and the cleaning of work clothes. Although not a rare disease, elaioconiosis is seldom reported in the literature, particularly in Brazil. Sufferers need to take time off work to proceed with the prolonged treatment to resolve the lesions caused by this condition.

Case for diagnosis. Acrokeratoelastoidosis.

Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a type of palmoplantar keratoderma first described by Oswaldo Gonçalves Costa, a Brazilian Dermatologist from the state of Minas Gerais. It is a rare autosomal-dominant genodermatosis; however it may occur sporadically. The disease is not congenital; rather, its onset occurs in childhood or adolescence. Clinically, the condition is characterized by multiple yellowish papules, sometimes glossy and keratotic, measuring approximately 2-4 mm in diameter, sometimes umbilicated, and located symmetrically on the sides of the hands and feet, symmetry being the most typical sign. The most common histopathological findings are hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis and elastorrhexis, as revealed by orcein staining.

Sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy: a synthesis of particularities.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a significant prevalence in both the general population and pregnant women. Accordingly, we consider the physiological changes of the maternal organism that can alter the clinical course of these diseases. In addition, obstetric and neonatal complications may occur, resulting in increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. We explore features of the natural course and treatment during pregnancy of the major STDs: soft chancre, donovanosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, viral hepatitis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, lymphogranuloma venereum, syphilis, and vulvovaginitis. We believe that health professionals should pay careful attention to STDs, particularly in relation to early diagnosis and precautions on the use of drugs during pregnancy. Prevention and partner treatment to achieve effective results are also extremely relevant.