[The principles of pre-epidemic diagnosis in the epidemiological surveillance system for HIV infection]. / Printsipy predépidemiologicheskoi diagnostiki v sisteme épidemiologicheskogo nadzora na VICh-infektsiei.

The problem of the general introduction of the principles of the pre-epidemic diagnostics of HIV infection was discussed. These principles should be based on the observation of "model" infections (viral hepatitides B, C, D), multipurpose serological monitoring and sociological methods aimed at obtaining the necessary information. The suggestion that the age and sexual structure of HIV-infected patients would be determined by the route of HIV transmission, prevailing on a given territory, including into infection process adolescents and young women and men was made.

[Work with youth--the basis of educational programs aimed at the prevention of HIV infection]. / Rabota s molodezh'iu--osnova obrazovatel'nykh programm, napravlennykh na profilaktiku VICh-infektsii.

During the recent 10 years, 1987-1997, syphilis morbidity was found to increase 60-fold in Omsk Province. In 1997 adolescents constituted 6.0% in the structure of persons who contacted the disease. In this year more than 500 adolescent using drugs were registered in the region. The introduction of drugs by injection was practiced by 9.6% of the adolescents. The program aimed mainly at changing the behavior of young people with orientation on the choice of a healthy mode of life and theirs information about risk factors associated with sex transmitted diseases particularly HIV infection is discussed.

[Problems in and the means for improving the epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection]. / Problemy i puti sovershenstvovaniia épidemiologicheskogo nadzora za VICh-infektsiei.

The system of the epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection, existing now in Russia and aimed at the detection of sources of the infective agent, is not adapted for territories with a low level of HIV infection among the population. This makes it impossible to evaluate the factors which may contribute to the epidemic spread of the infective agent. A new program of epidemiological surveillance is proposed. This program is based on the complex approach to monitoring infections having epidemiological signs, common with HIV infection; on the organization of serological monitoring for the detection of HIV-seropositive persons on the basis of blind tests and orientation on monitoring the social factors which determine the spread of HIV infection.

[Epidural anesthesia in urology]. / Epidural'naia anesteziia v urologii.

Indications for epidural anesthesia have been analyzed on the basis of 1483 cases of its application. They include transvesical adenomectomy, transurethral electroresection of prostatic adenoma, distant renal and ureteral lithotripsy. It is emphasized that epidural anesthesia is an advantage in older and senile individuals with associated respiratory and circulatory diseases. Epidural anesthesia provides some protection against complications like a transurethral resection syndrome and coagulation disorders. The practical use of epidural anesthesia during urologic operations is safe when its level does not extend above the 9-10th dermatome. A range of measures is offered to prevent complications of epidural anesthesia by stabilizing the hemodynamics and improving blood rheology, coagulation, and humoral status.