Knowledge of Low Back Pain among Primary School Teachers.

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects a large percentage of the working population, including teachers. The World Health Organization has identified the school as an effective environment for improving child health. For this reason, the figure of the teacher is a fundamental piece in the process of knowledge acquisition about postural education and prevention of LBP among schoolchildren. The present study aims to determine the knowledge of postural education and back pain prevention among primary school teachers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 85 primary school teachers from Majorca (Spain), of whom 17.6% were physical education teachers and 82.4% were classroom teachers. The study was based on two different structured and self-administered questionnaires to investigate into specific knowledge about LBP: Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ) and COSACUES-AEF Questionnaire. The results demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of LBP of 96.5% with significant differences determined by sex. The knowledge of participants about LBP was 17.3 in LKQ (range scale 0-24) and 4.3 in COSACUES (range scale 1-10). In conclusion, the teachers knowledge is insufficient to carry out an efficient and useful health promotion program among schoolchildren to prevent LBP.

Systematic Observation of the Verbal Behavior of Families of Youth Athletes in Grassroots and Team Sports.

Some of the more protective and favorable factors for the development and health in children and teenagers are family and sport, so family involvement in the children's sports activities is vital in their sports process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the verbal behavior (positive, negative, and neutral comments) of family spectators of school-age athletes regarding sociodemographic and sporting variables. The sample consisted of 190 family spectators of 215 male and female (Mage = 11.66; SD = 1.60) football, basketball, and volleyball players. The Parents' Observation Instrument at Sport Events (POISE) was used for the observation and LINCE was used to codify the verbal comments made. After registering 38,829 comments, the results showed statistically significant differences in relation to the comments made and the gender of athletes, geographical area, kind of sport, and the sporting category. The findings highlight that in a competitive environment, the comments made by spectators related to athletes do not seem to be initiators of potentially violent situations but rather are dependent on the atmosphere in question. Further research is required in this area to foster positive conduct relating to grassroots sports.

Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project.

This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3-5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.

Effects of a Whatsapp-delivered physical activity intervention to enhance health-related physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults.

BACKGROUND: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a 10-week WhatsApp-based intervention aimed at enhancing health-related physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors compared with a face-to-face condition. METHODS: Participants (N.=32) were assigned to one of three groups: training group (N.=16), mobile group (N.=7) and control group (N.=9). Training group and mobile group performed the same training program, based on strength training with elastics bands and aerobic exercise, during 10 weeks; only the delivery mode differed. RESULTS: The mobile group increased handgrip strength, aerobic capacity and decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate after exercise though there were no significant differences respect to control group. The training group decreased significantly systolic blood pressure (P=0.038), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.005), mean arterial pressure (P=0.006) and heart rate after exercise (P=0.002), respect to control group. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison between training and mobile group showed that WhatsApp-based physical activity intervention was less effective than face-to-face condition. The results indicate that the use of an online social network produced slight changes in some health-related physical fitness components and CVD risk factors.

Población de difícil acceso: recogida de datos de actividad física mediante acelerómetro en nuevos inmigrantes / No disponible

El sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan en función del tiempo de estancia en el país de acogida de la población inmigrante; por tanto, es crucial entender los estilos de vida de las poblaciones de alto riesgo con el fin de abordar los factores de riesgo modificables. Los patrones de actividad física de los niños inmigrantes supone una incógnita, y la recogida de datos en estas poblaciones es difícil. Esta nota de campo pretende expresar la experiencia aprendida en la toma de datos de actividad física mediante acelerómetros en las diferentes cohortes del estudio Live Well, que pretende reducir la incidencia del sobrepeso en la población inmigrante. Los resultados de la experiencia indican que en estas poblaciones deben mantenerse escrupulosamente los criterios de información sobre los instrumentos a utilizar a fin de evitar el mal uso de estos instrumentos y que la recogida de datos tenga éxito (AU)

Overweight and obesity increase with the length of stay in the host country of immigrants, therefore, is crucial to understand the lifestyles of high-risk populations in order to address the modifiable risk factors. Physical activity patterns of immigrant children are unknown and data collection in these populations is difficult. This field note is intended to express the experience learned in the data collection of physical activity using accelerometers in different cohorts of Live Well study, which aims to reduce the incidence of overweight in immigrant population. The results of the experiment indicate that these populations must be scrupulously informed on these tools to avoid misuse of these instruments and data collection is successful (AU)

El dolor de espalda como lesión deportiva en jóvenes de 10-12 años / Low back pain as a sports injury in school children among 10-12 years

The aim of this research study is to explore the existence of back pain in schoolchildren aged 10-12 years old related to sports practice or not, sports type, frequency, and gender differences. This study was carried out using a sample of 2270 schoolchildren (1214 boys and 1056 girls) aged 10-12, resident in Mallorca. The sample was chosen using intentional random sampling. The questionnaire and method for gathering the data were previously validated using the test-rest reliability method. The results show the existence of low back pain among 38.3% of the schoolchildren (34.5% boys and 42.8% girls) suffers from back pain. There is a significant relationship between back pain and sport practice, positively in boys and negativity in girls, being explicated for the different sports practice according to gender. The highest values of back pain incidence were found in volleyball, masculine gymnastics and swimming more the 4 hours per week, and in rhythmic gymnastics. This study suggests, according to the results, back pain as a problem that affects the young population, especially to girls. The type of sport and its frequency is determinant to define if a sport could be or not a risk factor related to low back pain (AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la incidencia de dolor de espalda en jóvenes de entre 10 y 12 años en función de si practican ono algún deporte, cuál practican, con qué frecuencia, y las posibles diferencias entre género. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 2270 escolares (1214 niños y 1056 niñas) de 10-12 años de Mallorca. La muestra se obtuvo por conglomerados (centros escolares) por muestreo intencional. El cuestionario y la metodología de recogida de datos fueron previamente validados mediante el método test-retest. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la existencia de dolor de espalda fue del 38.3% (34.5% en niños y 42.8% en niñas). Existe una relación significativa entre dolor de espalda y practicar deporte o no, en niños positiva y en niñas negativa, pudiendo ser explicado por las diferencias del tipo de deportes practicados según el género. Los mayores índices de incidencia de dolor de espalda aparecen entre los que practican voleibol, gimnasia deportiva y natación más de 4 horas semanales, y los que practican gimnasia rítmica. Este estudio sugiere, a partir de los resultados obtenidos, que el dolor de espalda es un mal que afecta de manera importante a la población juvenil, en especial al género femenino, y que el tipo de deporte practicado, así como su frecuencia, es determinante a la hora de definir si un deporte puede ser o no un factor de riesgo asociado al dolor de espalda (AU)

Obesidad infantil: ¿nos estamos equivocando? Principales causas del problema y tendencias de investigación / Childhood obesity: Are we getting it wrong? Main causes of the problem and research tendencies

La obesidad infantil se ha convertido en un problema de importante magnitud que atrae la atención del mundo científico y protagoniza grandes esfuerzos en salud pública y en educación. Las causas de dicho problema son multifactoriales y extremadamente complejas, y se han abordado muchos focos de intervención para intentar invertir la tendencia. Los principales contribuyentes se siguen considerando la falta de actividad física de la población y las estrategias de alimentación equivocadas, basadas en un exceso calórico. ¿Son solo estas causas las contribuyentes a dicho problema? En este artículo revisamos algunas de las líneas de investigación prioritarias más allá de la dieta y la actividad física, para poder observar que tal vez nos estemos equivocando en la aplicación de políticas de prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad infantil (AU)

Childhood obesity has become an issue of substantial size to attract the attention of the scientific world and starring in great efforts in public health and education. The causes of this problem are multifactorial and extremely complex, and addressed many outbreaks of intervention to try to reverse the trend. The main contributors are still considering the lack of physical activity in population and wrong feeding strategies based on a caloric surplus. Are these cases only the contributors to this problem? This article reviews some of the research priorities beyond diet and exercise, to see that maybe we’re wrong in the implementation of policies of prevention and treatment of childhood obesity (AU)

Effects of a postural education program on school backpack habits related to low back pain in children.

PURPOSE: Population based studies have demonstrated that children and adolescents often complain of low back pain. A group-randomized controlled trial was carried out to investigate the effects of a postural education program on school backpack habits related to low back pain in children aged 10-12 year. METHODS: The study sample included 137 children aged 10.7 years (SD = 0.672). Six classes from two primary schools were randomly allocated into experimental group (EG) (N = 63) or control group (CG) (N = 74). The EG received a postural education program over 6 weeks consisting of six sessions, while the CG followed the usual school curriculum. A questionnaire was fulfilled by the participants at pre-test, post-test, and 3 months after the intervention finished. The outcomes collected were: (1) try to load the minimum weight possible, (2) carry school backpack on two shoulders, (3) belief that school backpack weight does not affect to the back, and (4) the use of locker or something similar at school. A sum score was computed from the four items. RESULTS: Single healthy items mostly improved after the intervention and remained improved after 3-month follow-up in EG, while no substantial changes were observed in the CG. Healthy backpack use habits score was significantly increased at post-test compared to baseline in the EG (P < 0.000), and remained significantly increased after 3-month, compared to baseline (P = 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the CG (P > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The present study findings confirm that children are able to learn healthy backpack habits which might prevent future low back pain.

Relaciones entre calidad de vida, actividad física, sedentarismo y fitness cardiorrespiratorio en niños / Relationship between quality of life, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación entre algunos dominios de la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños, con el estado cardiorrespiratorio, el nivel de actividad física, el sedentarismo (tiempo de pantalla) y el índice de masa corporal de una población de 302 niños de once y doce años de edad, para determinar si la condición física (Fitness cardiorrespiratorio) es un factor clave en lugar de la actividad física, para garantizar la futura calidad de vida de los niños. El cuestionario sobre salud infantil y calidad de vida (CHIP-CE / PRF- edición española) se utilizó para medir la CVRS, El test de 20m de ida y vuelta para el fitness cardiorrespiratorio, El cuestionario de Salud Escolar de Acción, Planificación y Evaluación (SHAPES), módulo de actividad física, se utilizó para medir la actividad física semanal y el tiempo de pantalla. Los padres reportaron altura y peso. Los resultados muestran una fuerte correlación entre el fitness cardiovascular y la CVRS, y el tiempo de pantalla con la CVRS, pero no existe correlación entre CVRS y la actividad física (AU)

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between some domains of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level, sedentary lifestyle (screen time) and the body mass index of a population of 302 children eleven and twelve years of age to determine whether physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness) is a key factor, to ensure the future quality of life of children. Children’s health and Illness profile - Child edition - Parent Report Form - Spanish Edition - (CHIP-CE / PRF-Spanish edition) was used to measure HRQoL, the 20m run test for cardiorespiratory fitness, and the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation (SHAPES) physical activity module was used to measure weekly physical activity and screen time. Parents reported height and weight. The results show a strong correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL, and screen time with HRQoL, but no correlation between HRQoL and physical activity (AU)

Commitment, enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players

Building upon Deci’s and Ryan (1985) Self-determination theory as well as the sportive behavioral correlates of the model of Commitment (Scanlan et al., 1976), this study tries to establish the relationship between motivation and commitment in youth sport. For this purpose 454 young competitive soccer players answered the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ) during the regular season. The SMS measures the three dimensions of the Motivational continuum (the Amotivation, the Extrinsic Motivation and the Intrinsic Motivation). The SCQ measures the Sportive Commitment and its composing factors such as the Enjoyment, the Alternatives to the sport, and the Social Pressure. Our findings provided a clear pattern of the influence of motivation in sport enjoyment and commitment, outlining the positive contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enjoyment and commitment. Amotivation, contributes positively to alternatives to sport and negatively to enjoyment and commitment. It should be noted that extrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to enjoyment whereas intrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to commitment (AU)

Fundamentándose en la teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985) así como en los correlatos conductuales del modelo de Compromiso (Scanlan et al. 1976), este estudio trata de establecer las relaciones entre motivación y compromiso en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. Con este propósito 454 jóvenes jugadores de fútbol contestaron la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (SMS) y el Cuestionario de Compromiso Deportivo (SCQ). El SMS mide las tres dimensiones del continuum motivacional (Amotivación, Motivación extrínseca y motivación intrínseca). El SCQ mide el compromiso deportivo y los factores que lo componen, tales como el disfrute, las alternativas al deporte y la presión social. Nuestros resultados proporcionan un patrón claro acerca de la influencia de la motivación en el compromiso y la diversión en el deporte, subrayando la contribución positiva de la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca en la diversión y el compromiso. La amotivación contribuye positivamente a las alternativas al deporte y negativamente a la diversión y el compromiso. Es de destacar que la motivación extrínseca tiene una contribución mayor a la diversión, mientras que la motivación intrínseca tiene una contribución mayor al compromiso (AU)

Commitment, enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players.

Building upon Deci's and Ryan (1985) Self-determination theory as well as the sportive behavioral correlates of the model of Commitment (Scanlan et al., 1976), this study tries to establish the relationship between motivation and commitment in youth sport. For this purpose 454 young competitive soccer players answered the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ) during the regular season. The SMS measures the three dimensions of the Motivational continuum (the Amotivation, the Extrinsic Motivation and the Intrinsic Motivation). The SCQ measures the Sportive Commitment and its composing factors such as the Enjoyment, the Alternatives to the sport, and the Social Pressure. Our findings provided a clear pattern of the influence of motivation in sport enjoyment and commitment, outlining the positive contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enjoyment and commitment. Amotivation, contributes positively to alternatives to sport and negatively to enjoyment and commitment, It should be noted that extrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to enjoyment whereas intrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to commitment.