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1.
Chem Biodivers ; 21(4): e202301770, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38330241

ABSTRACT

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important factors determining cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the antioxidant mechanisms and potential protective effect of a hydroethanolic extract of yerba mate (Ilex paraguaiensis; EHEM) on the in vitro oxidation of LDL and HDL. EHEM was found to possess ferric reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, metal chelating activity, and NO radical scavenging activity. In addition, EHEM reduced the lipoperoxidation induced by α,α'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (AAPH) in HDL and LDL at all tested concentrations. In this study, we demonstrate the antioxidant properties of yerba mate and its phytochemical compounds. These properties may effectively prevent the in vitro oxidation of LDL and HDL molecules, a phenomenon linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Ilex paraguariensis , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Ilex paraguariensis/chemistry , Oxidation-Reduction , Lipoproteins
2.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 63(3): 229-235, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28489128

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:: Obesity refers to the accumulation of fatty tissues and it favors the occurrence of oxidative stress. Alternatives that can contribute to body weight reduction have been investigated in order to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the oxidant and antioxidant markers of obese women before and after bariatric surgery were able to reduce oxidative damage. METHOD:: We have assessed 16 morbidly obese women five days before and 180 days after the surgery. The control group comprised 16 non-obese women. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, carbonylated proteins, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were assessed in the patients' plasma. RESULTS:: Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the pre-surgical obese women were higher than those of the controls and post-surgical obese women. Levels of reduced glutathione in the pre-surgical obese women were high compared to the controls, and declined after surgery. Levels of ascorbic acid fell in the pre--surgical obese women compared to the control and post-surgical obese women. CONCLUSION:: Body weight influences the production of reactive oxygen species. Bariatric surgery, combined with weight loss and vitamin supplementation, reduces cellular oxidation, thus reducing tissue damage.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery/methods , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/surgery , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Antioxidants/analysis , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Female , Glutathione/blood , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Protein Carbonylation/physiology , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(3): 229-235, Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-956434

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: Obesity refers to the accumulation of fatty tissues and it favors the occurrence of oxidative stress. Alternatives that can contribute to body weight reduction have been investigated in order to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the oxidant and antioxidant markers of obese women before and after bariatric surgery were able to reduce oxidative damage. Method: We have assessed 16 morbidly obese women five days before and 180 days after the surgery. The control group comprised 16 non-obese women. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, carbonylated proteins, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were assessed in the patients' plasma. Results: Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the pre-surgical obese women were higher than those of the controls and post-surgical obese women. Levels of reduced glutathione in the pre-surgical obese women were high compared to the controls, and declined after surgery. Levels of ascorbic acid fell in the pre--surgical obese women compared to the control and post-surgical obese women. Conclusion: Body weight influences the production of reactive oxygen species. Bariatric surgery, combined with weight loss and vitamin supplementation, reduces cellular oxidation, thus reducing tissue damage.


Resumo Introdução: Na obesidade, verifica-se um acúmulo de tecido adiposo, o que favorece a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo. A fim de diminuir a produção das espécies reativas que levam a danos teciduais, buscam-se alternativas que contribuam para a redução do peso corporal. Este estudo avaliou se os marcadores oxidantes e antioxidantes de obesas antes e após cirurgia bariátrica reduziram o dano oxidativo. Método: Foram avaliadas 16 mulheres obesas mórbidas cinco dias antes e 180 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. O grupo controle constituiu-se de 16 mulheres não obesas. Os níveis das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, das proteínas carboniladas, da glutationa reduzida e do ácido ascórbico foram avaliados no plasma dessas pacientes. Resultados: Os níveis de lipoperoxidação e da carbonilação de proteínas nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas eram mais elevados quando comparados ao controle e às obesas pós-cirúrgicas; os níveis de glutationa reduzida eram maiores nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas em comparação ao controle e diminuíram após a cirurgia; os níveis de ácido ascórbico eram menores nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas em relação ao controle e às obesas pós-cirúrgicas. Conclusão: Observou-se que a massa corporal influenciou na produção das espécies reativas. A cirurgia bariátrica, somada à perda de peso e à suplementação vitamínica, diminui a oxidação celular e, com isso, reduz os danos teciduais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Obesity/surgery , Obesity/metabolism , Postoperative Period , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Analysis of Variance , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Protein Carbonylation/physiology , Glutathione/blood , Middle Aged , Antioxidants/analysis
4.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 36(4): 517-523, 01/10/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2587

ABSTRACT

O formaldeído, comercializado em solução aquosa a 37% (p/p), é um líquido incolor com odor forte e irritante. A presença deste agente cancerígeno em cremes cosméticos resulta em graves riscos à saúde tais como irritação, queimaduras na pele, ferimentos nas vias respiratórias e danos irreversíveis aos olhos e cabelos provocados pela inalação e contato com o produto. Seu uso foi permitido em concentração ≤ 0,2% (p/p) como conservante pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA; Brasil, 2001) até junho de 2014, e a substância era adicionada a produtos cosméticos utilizados em escovas progressivas com a finalidade de alisar os cabelos. Diante dos riscos verificados com a utilização da substância, objetivou-se determinar qualitativa e quantitativamente, a incidência deste aldeído em produtos para alisamento capilar, a fim de estimar a concentração que os profissionais e usuários estão expostos, para garantir sua segurança. Observouse que 84,6% das amostras analisadas apresentaram alguma irregularidade, sendo que 61,5% das amostras analisadas apresentaram maior quantidade de formaldeído do que era permitido pela legislação (Brasil, 2001) como conservante e 53,8% apresentou mais de 10 vezes o percentual permitido, concentração irritante para a população em geral. Tendo em vista a gravidade dos dados apresentados, é necessária uma rígida fiscalização da qualidade dos alisantes capilares e estratégias de conscientização sobre riscos à saúde do contato com a substância.


Formaldehyde marketed in a 37% (w/w) aqueous solution is a colorless liquid with a strong irritating odor. The presence of this carcinogen in cosmetics creams results in serious health risks, such as irritation, skin burns, airway injury and irreversible damage to the eyes and hair caused by inhalation and contact with the product. Although its use was allowed up to a concentration of 0.2% (w/w) as a preservative by Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA; Brazil, 2001) until June 2014, the substance is added to cosmetic products used in progressive brushes in order to straighten hair. Given the risks seen with the use of the substance, the objective was to determine qualitatively and quantitatively this aldehyde in products for hair straightening in order to estimate the concentration that professionals involved and users are exposed to ensure their safety. It was observed that 84.6% of the samples showed some irregularity, being that 61.5% of the samples have a higher amount of formaldehyde than allowed by law (Brazil, 2001) as preservative and 53.8% had more than 10 times the allowable percentage, irritating concentration for the general population. Considering the severity of the data presented, it is need a strict quality supervision hair straightening products and strategies to increase awareness about health risks from contact with the substance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Formaldehyde/analogs & derivatives , Hair Preparations/chemistry , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Risk Factors
5.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) ; 122(8): 1077-88, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25772464

ABSTRACT

Anxiety is characterized by unpleasant bodily sensations, such as pounding heart and intense fear. The therapy involves the administration of benzodiazepine drugs. Purinergic signaling participates in the induction of several behavioral patterns and their actions are inactivated by ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Since there is evidence about the involvement of purinergic system in the actions mediated by benzodiazepines, we evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of administration of diazepam and midazolam on nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and ADA activities in zebrafish brain, followed by the analysis of gene expression pattern of these enzymes and adenosine receptors (A1, A2a1, A2a2, A2b). The in vitro studies demonstrated that diazepam decreased ATP (66 % for 500 µM) and ADP hydrolysis (40-54 % for 10-500 µM, respectively). Midazolam decreased ATP (16-71 % for 10-500 µM, respectively) and ADP (48-73.5 % for 250-500 µM, respectively) hydrolysis as well as the ecto-ADA activity (26-27.5 % for 10-500 µM, respectively). AMP hydrolysis was decreased in animals treated with of 0.5 and 1 mg/L midazolam (32 and 36 %, respectively). Diazepam and midazolam decreased the ecto-ADA activity at 1.25 mg/L and 1 mg/L (31 and 33 %, respectively), but only 0.1 mg/L midazolam induced an increase (40 %) in cytosolic ADA. The gene expression analysis demonstrated changes on ecto-5'-nucleotidase, A1, A2a1, A2a2, and A2b mRNA transcript levels after acute treatment with benzodiazepines. These findings demonstrated that benzodiazepine exposure induces a modulation of extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside metabolism, suggesting the purinergic signaling may be, at least in part, related to benzodiazepine effects.


Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Diazepam/pharmacology , Midazolam/pharmacology , 5'-Nucleotidase/metabolism , Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism , Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Gene Expression/drug effects , Male , Models, Animal , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism , Zebrafish
6.
Neurobiol Learn Mem ; 118: 113-9, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25490060

ABSTRACT

Adenosine, a purine ribonucleoside, exhibits neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain and is involved in memory formation and cognitive function. Adenosine signaling is mediated by adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3); in turn, nucleotide and nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes and adenosine transporters regulate its levels. Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, has profound amnesic effects in a variety of learning paradigms and has been used to induce cognitive deficits in animal models. This study investigated the effects of acute exposure to caffeine (a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors A1 and A2A), ZM 241385 (adenosine receptor A2A antagonist), DPCPX (adenosine receptor A1 antagonist), dipyridamole (inhibitor of nucleoside transporters) and EHNA (inhibitor of adenosine deaminase) in a model of pharmacological cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine in adult zebrafish. Caffeine, ZM 241385, DPCPX, dipyridamole, and EHNA were acutely administered independently via i.p. in zebrafish, followed by exposure to scopolamine dissolved in tank water (200µM). These compounds prevented the scopolamine-induced amnesia without impacting locomotor activity or social interaction. Together, these data support the hypothesis that adenosine signaling may modulate memory processing, suggesting that these compounds present a potential preventive strategy against cognitive impairment.


Subject(s)
Adenosine/metabolism , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology , Scopolamine/pharmacology , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Adenine/pharmacology , Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Dipyridamole/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Motor Activity/drug effects , Nucleoside Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Social Behavior , Zebrafish
7.
Ciênc. rural ; 44(7): 1186-1193, 07/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718168

ABSTRACT

Agricultural practices are directly related to the use of pesticides, which indiscriminately and without due care may contribute to the occurrence of numerous intoxications. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship of certain pesticides and the occurrence of oxidative stress and therefore, in recent years have developed methods of analysis of several biomarkers of cellular damage that can be measured and quantified. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in biochemical markers: glutamic aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urea, total protein, and oxidative markers such as lipid peroxidation, damage to proteins and the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) in farmers exposed to different pesticides for at least five years from Ibirubá - RS city. With the exception of AST and ALT, the results showed a significant difference between the mean total protein, urea and creatinine in the control group, showing that no changes in liver or kidney function of rural workers. In the oxidative parameters, there was a decrease in AChE activity and CAT in the control group; there were an increase in protein carbonyl and a decreased on TBARS compared to control group. Therefore, the results demonstrated a change in oxidative status of rural workers compared with the control group, mainly by possible inhibition of AChE activity and the occurrence of oxidative stress without showing changes in biochemical parameters.


As práticas agrícolas estão diretamente relacionadas com o uso de agrotóxico, que, de forma indiscriminada e sem o devido cuidado, podem contribuir para a ocorrência de inúmeras intoxicações. Diversos estudos demonstraram a relação de determinados pesticidas e a ocorrência do estresse oxidativo e, portanto, nos anos recentes, tem-se desenvolvido métodos de análise de diversos biomarcadores de dano celular, o qual pode ser medido e quantificado. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as possíveis alterações nos marcadores bioquímicos: aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), creatinina, ureia, proteína total, e marcadores oxidativos como: a peroxidação de lipídios, danos nas proteínas e a atividade das enzimas acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e catalase (CAT), em agricultores da cidade de Ibirubá, RS, expostos a diferentes agrotóxicos por pelo menos cinco anos. Com exceção da AST e da ALT, os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre as médias das proteínas totais, ureia e creatinina, no grupo controle, mostrando que não houve alterações na função hepática ou renal dos trabalhadores rurais. Nos parâmetros oxidativos avaliados, houve uma diminuição da atividade da AChE e da CAT em relação ao grupo controle; um aumento das proteínas carboniladas e uma diminuição dos níveis de TBARS em relação ao grupo controle. Portanto, os resultados demonstram uma alteração oxidativa nos trabalhadores rurais, comparados com o grupo controle, principalmente pela possível inibição da AChE e ocorrência do estresse oxidativo, sem demonstrar mudança nos parâmetros bioquímicos analisados.

8.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24704546

ABSTRACT

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are of great interest in nanomedicine due to their capability to act simultaneously as a contrast agent and as a targeted drug delivery system. At present, one of the biggest concerns about the use of SPIONs remains around its toxicity and, for this reason, it is important to establish the safe upper limit for each use. In the present study, SPION coated with cross-linked aminated dextran (CLIO-NH2) were synthesized and their toxicity to zebrafish brain was investigated. We have evaluated the effect of different CLIO-NH2 doses (20, 50, 100, 140 and 200 mg/kg) as a function of time after exposure (one, 16, 24 and 48 h) on AChE activity and ache expression in zebrafish brain. The animals exposed to 200 mg/kg and tested 24 h after administration of the nanoparticles have shown decreased AChE activity, reduction in the exploratory performance, significantly higher level of ferric iron in the brains and induction of casp8, casp 9 and jun genes. Taken together, these findings suggest acute brain toxicity by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induction of apoptosis.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Brain/drug effects , Brain/enzymology , Dextrans/pharmacology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dextrans/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Iron/analysis , Iron/metabolism , Magnetite Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles , Particle Size , Zebrafish
9.
Neurotoxicology ; 33(3): 469-75, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22459995

ABSTRACT

Endosulfan is a broad spectrum organochlorine pesticide that is still widely in use in many developing countries. Following application, endosulfan can get to watercourses through surface runoff from agricultural fields and disturb the non-target aquatic animals including freshwater fish species. Given that the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most recurrently used biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and there are controversial results concerning the effects of endosulfan exposure and AChE activity in fish, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of endosulfan in brain AChE activity and its gene expression pattern using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. Moreover, we have analyzed the effects of endosulfan exposure in different parameters of zebrafish swimming activity and in long-term memory formation. After 96 h of exposition, fish in the 2.4 µg endosulfan/L group presented a significant decrease in AChE activity (9.44 ± 1.038 µmol SCh h(-1) mg protein(-1); p=0.0205) when compared to the control group (15.87 ± 1.768 µmol SCh h(-1) mg protein(-1); p=0.0205) which corresponds to approximately 40%. The down-regulation of brain AChE activity is not directly related with the transcriptional control as demonstrated by the RT-qPCR analysis. Our results reinforce AChE activity inhibition as a pathway of endosulfan-induced toxicity in brain of fish species. In addition, exposure to 2.4 µg endosulfan/L during 96 h impaired all exploratory parameters evaluated: decreased line crossings (≈21%, 273.7 ± 28.12 number of line crossings compared to the control group 344.6 ± 21.30, p=0.0483), traveled distance (≈20%, 23.44 ± 2.127 m compared to the control group 29.39 ± 1.585, p=0.0281), mean speed (≈25%, 0.03 ± 0.003 m/s compared to the control group 0.04 ± 0.002, p=0.0275) and body turn angle (≈21%, 69,940 ± 4871 absolute turn angle compared to the control group 88,010 ± 4560, p=0.0114). These results suggest that endosulfan exposure significantly impairs animals' exploratory performance, and potentially compromises their ecological and interspecific interaction. Our results also showed that the same endosulfan exposure did not compromise animals' performance in the inhibitory avoidance apparatus. These findings provide further evidence of the deleterious effects of endosulfan exposure in the nervous system.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/drug effects , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Endosulfan/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Motor Activity/drug effects , Swimming , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Zebrafish/metabolism , Acetylcholinesterase/genetics , Animals , Brain/enzymology , Brain/physiopathology , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Male , Memory/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Time Factors
10.
Obes Surg ; 21(3): 356-61, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20872255

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The SIRT1 enzyme is involved in adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. FOXO1 is a protein that plays a significant role in regulating metabolism. Adiponectin is an adipokine, secreted by the AT, which has been considered to have an antiobesity function. PPARγ is one of the key actors in adipocytes differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether resveratrol can regulate SIRT1, FOXO1, adiponectin, PPARγ1-3, and PPARß/δ in human AT. METHODS: The effects of resveratrol were analyzed in freshly isolated adipocytes prepared from visceral fat tissue samples obtained during bariatric surgery. Genes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Ours results show that resveratrol modulates the studied genes, increasing SIRT1 (p = 0.021), FOXO1 (p = 0.001), and adiponectin (p = 0.025) mRNA expression and decreasing PPARγ1-3 (p = 0.003) mRNA in human visceral adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol, in vitro and at low concentration, modulates genes that are related to lipid metabolism, possibly preventing metabolic disease in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT).


Subject(s)
Adipocytes/metabolism , Adiponectin/metabolism , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Lipid Regulating Agents/pharmacology , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , PPAR gamma/metabolism , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Adiponectin/genetics , Adult , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Forkhead Box Protein O1 , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Humans , Intra-Abdominal Fat/cytology , Obesity, Morbid/genetics , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , PPAR gamma/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Resveratrol , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sirtuin 1/genetics , Up-Regulation/drug effects
11.
Obes Surg ; 20(5): 633-9, 2010 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20033348

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue is known to release greater amounts of adipokines and free fatty acids into the portal vein, being one of the most predictive factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study has the purpose to evaluate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), adiponectin, Forkhead/winged helix (FOXO1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma1-3, and PPARbeta/delta mRNA expression in morbidly obese patients in three different lipid depots: visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and retroperitoneal (RAT). Recent studies suggest that SIRT1, a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, protects rats from NAFLD. METHODS: We divided the patients in two groups: those with slight or moderate steatosis (hepatic steatosis, HS) and other comprising individuals with severe steatosis associated or not with necroinflammation and fibrosis (severe hepatic steatosis, SHS). The adipose tissue depots were obtained during bariatric surgery. Total RNAs were extracted using TRIzol. The amount of genes of interest was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: When comparing the two groups of patients, a decrease in SIRT1 was observed in VAT of morbidly obese patients in SHS group (p = 0.006). The mRNA expression of the other genes showed no differences in VAT. No difference was found either in SAT or in RAT for all genes in the study. In addition, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in SHS group compared to HS (p = 0.006). Also, our results show that the mRNA expression of SIRT1 and the value of HOMA-IR were positively correlated in VAT of SHS patients (r = 0.654; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of SIRT1 mRNA expression in VAT of SHS could be possible impairing mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, promoting severe steatosis in obese patients. Our results provide a possible proof of SIRT1 protective potential in VAT against NAFLD in humans.


Subject(s)
Fatty Liver/complications , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/genetics , Sirtuin 1/genetics , Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism , Gastric Bypass/methods , Gene Expression , Humans , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Transcription, Genetic , Treatment Outcome
12.
J Neurosci Methods ; 169(1): 93-9, 2008 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18178255

ABSTRACT

S100B expression, particularly extracellular S100B, is used as a parameter of glial activation and/or death in several situations of brain injury. Several immunoassays for S100B measurement are available, which differ with regard to specificity, sensitivity, sample application, and, of course, economic costs. We standardized two protocols for S100B measurement (range between 1.9pg and 10ng/mL) in human and rat samples from brain and adipose tissues, blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and cell culture. Abundance and secretion of this protein in adipose tissue reinforces the caution about its origin in blood serum. Interestingly, S100B recognition was affected by the redox status of the protein. This aspect should be considered in S100B measurement, assuming that oxidized and reduced forms possibly coexist in vivo and the equilibrium can be modified by oxidative stress of physiological or pathological conditions or even by obtaining sample conditions.


Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Nerve Growth Factors/analysis , Neurochemistry/methods , Neuroglia/chemistry , S100 Proteins/analysis , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Adult , Animals , Astrocytes/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Brain Chemistry/physiology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cells, Cultured , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nerve Growth Factors/blood , Nerve Growth Factors/cerebrospinal fluid , Neuroglia/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Rats , Rats, Wistar , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit , S100 Proteins/blood , S100 Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid
13.
Obes Surg ; 17(7): 934-40, 2007 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17894154

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue (AT) metabolism is altered in obese subjects, and the reestablishment of energy homeostasis requires the identification and regulation of genes with altered patterns. The aim of this study was to compare mRNA expression of PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma1-3 in morbidly obese and nonobese patients. The expression pattern of these receptors in various abdominal adipose tissues, subcutaneous (SAT), retroperitoneal (RAT) and visceral (VAT), was also evaluated. METHODS: The AT depots were obtained by surgery. Total RNAs were extracted using TRIzol. PPARs reverse transcripts were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: The amounts of PPARP/8 mRNA in different depots of morbidly obese AT showed a significant decrease in VAT (P < 0.05). In the non-obese group, the level of PPARbeta/delta was higher in SAT (P < 0.05), but PPARgamma1-3 was not differentially expressed in obese and non-obese depots. When comparing obese and non-obese, the results revealed a decrease in PPARPbeta/delta expression in SAT (P = 0.058) and VAT (P = 0.094) of the morbidly obese. PPARgamma1-3 mRNA expression was increased significantly in SAT (P = 0.022) and decreased in RAT (P = 0.034) in morbidly obese subjects. PPARbeta/delta expression in SAT and VAT correlated negatively with hip size and insulin serum respectively. PPARgamma1-3 expression in RAT correlated negatively with waist and hip circumference and in VAT correlated positively with waist size. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma1-3 mRNAs are quantitatively different in AT of morbidly obese individuals compared to non-obese, and that PPARbeta/delta mRNA levels are characteristic for each AT depot.


Subject(s)
Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , PPAR gamma/metabolism , PPAR-beta/metabolism , Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism , Adiposity/physiology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity, Morbid/genetics , PPAR gamma/genetics , PPAR-beta/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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