ABSTRACT
The scientific interest (SI) for a given field can be ascertained by quantifying the volume of published research. We quantified the SI in surgical education to clarify the extent of worldwide efforts on this crucial factor required to improve health-care systems. A set of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) was defined for the PubMed search. The number of Pubmed Indexed Papers (nPIP) relevant to the SI was extracted from database conception to December 2016 and their distribution and evolution by country were analyzed at 10-year intervals. Population Adjusted Index (PAI) and Medical School Adjusted Index (MSAI) analyses were performed for countries with the nPIP > 30. We identified 51,713 articles written in 33 different languages related to surgical education; 87.6% of these were written in English. General surgery was the leading surgical specialty. The overall nPIP doubled every 10 years from 1987 (from 6009 to 13,501, to 26,272) but stabilized at 3707, 3800 and 3433 in the past 3 years, respectively. The PAI and MSAI analyses showed that the USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, Australia and Ireland are top producers of published research in surgical education, constituting a combined 62.88% of the nPIP. Our quantification of the change in SI in surgical education and training gives a clear picture of evolution, efforts and leadership worldwide over time. This picture mirrors an international academic society that should encourage all those involved in surgical education to improve efforts in educational research.
Subject(s)
Bibliography of Medicine , Education, Medical/methods , Education, Medical/statistics & numerical data , General Surgery/education , PubMed/statistics & numerical data , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Publishing/trends , Research/statistics & numerical data , Research/trends , Education, Medical/trends , Humans , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Bleeding remains one of the most serious complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can increase mortality. Even if several patient-related and intraoperative factors increase the risk of bleeding, complete hemostasis should be achieved at the end of each surgical procedure. Although irrigation is a standard step, its importance is often underestimated. This commentary highlights the efficacy of peritoneal lavage in identifying bleeding sources and the effect of saline temperature.
