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1.
Tijdschr Psychiatr ; 62(11): 927-935, 2020.
Article in Dutch | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33443742

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nutritional interventions are scarcely used in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.
AIM: To summarize scientific evidence on the relation between nutrition and mental health, across the life span.
METHOD: An overview of the literature based on recent knowledge syntheses, meta-analyses and original studies.
RESULTS: Healthy dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk for depressive symptoms among adults and potentially also among children and adolescents. Dietary interventions can be effective in reducing depressive symptoms among high-risk groups and can have a beneficial effect in the treatment of depression. Meta-analyses of randomised studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplements can be of added value in the treatment of adhd in children and of depression in adults.
CONCLUSION: Promotion of healthy dietary patterns in line with National guidelines for healthy diets is important in the entire spectrum from good mental health to a chronic disorder. More attention for improving healthy dietary patterns among patients with mental disorders can lead to important health gains.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Dietary Supplements , Humans , Longevity , Mental Health
2.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) ; 121(9): 1145-55, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24845879

ABSTRACT

Restrictive and repetitive behavior in autism may be related to deficits in cognitive control. Here, we aimed to assess functional connectivity during a cognitive control task and compare brain network activity and connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing children using a multivariate data-driven approach. 19 high-functioning boys with ASD and 19 age-matched typically developing boys were included in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T during the performance of a cognitive control task (go/no-go paradigm). Functional networks were identified using independent component analysis. Network activity and connectivity was compared between groups and correlated with clinical measures of rigid behavior using multivariate analysis of covariance. We found no differences between the groups in task performance or in network activity. Power analysis indicated that, if this were a real difference, it would require nearly 800 subjects to show group differences in network activity using this paradigm. Neither were there correlations between network activity and rigid behavior. Our data do not provide support for the presence of deficits in cognitive control in children with ASD, or the functional networks supporting this ability.


Subject(s)
Brain/physiopathology , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Cognition/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Adolescent , Brain Mapping , Child , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Neural Pathways/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
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