Advanced glycation end products as biomarkers in systemic diseases: premises and perspectives of salivary advanced glycation end products.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins associated with high dry temperature food processing, coloring and flavor modification of food products. Previous studies on diet-related disease support the role of the glycation products as biomarkers in local and general proinflammatory response. Exogenous and endogenous AGEs are involved in chronic low-level inflammation, which underlies the onset of metabolic syndrome influenced by food intake, there by demonstrating their implication in diet-related pathologies. Although studies have revealed a strong association between the accumulation of AGEs and the occurrence/worsening of metabolic diseases, their routine use for the diagnosis or monitoring of local and general disease has not yet been reported.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in oral pathology.

OBJECTIVE: Maillard advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are connected with high dry temperature food processing, color and flavor modification of food products. Oral cavity pathology is strongly influenced by dietary intake. The aim of the present paper is to update current data regarding the sources and metabolism of AGEs, their impact on oral cavity tissues, to discuss and suggest new approaches for the early diagnosis and efficient treatment of AGEs-related oral pathology. DESIGN: This paper is a narrative review of the studies discussing AGEs and mainly the dietary AGEs (dAGEs) sources, metabolism, linkage to general diseases, and specifically the oral cavity pathology. The authors used "PUBMED" and MeSH for the finding of English written and published articles concerning AGEs. There were used the next keywords association: "advanced glycation end products- AGEs" AND "Maillard products", "AGEs" AND "diet-related disease, "AGEs" AND "salivary biosensor", "AGEs" AND "metabolic syndrome AGEs", "AGEs" AND "oral pathology", "AGEs" AND "dentin AGEs" OR "periodontal AGEs", "AGEs" AND "diagnosis and monitoring". The authors used free full-text articles to determine the etiology and physiopathology of AGEs, their association with general diseases and oral cavity disease, assessment methods used in biofluids and tissues, AGEs prevention and treatment approaches. Articles concerning AGEs etiology, metabolism and effect in the human body and specific implication in oral pathology were selected. There were no exclusion criteria in what concerns the study design. Studies in other language than English and articles abstracts were excluded. Criteria of inclusion were free full-text articles written in English. Equally human and animal model studies were included. Regarding the date of publication, all subjects concerning glycation products after 1953 (first published article) were included. RESULTS: Evidence show that AGEs are responsible for inducing low intensity chronic inflammation and thereby, for initiating and/or aggravating chronic diseases. Nowadays, research has demonstrated a significant association between AGEs and dental or periodontal pathology. Moreover, salivary AGEs are consistent with the levels of AGEs in other biological fluids and are correlated with the general and oral pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of salivary AGEs could be a reliable tool for early diagnosis and monitoring diet-related disease.

Mandibular aneurysmal bone cyst in an elderly patient: Case report.

OBJECTIVE: The article aims to highlight the challenge of establishing the presumptive aetiological diagnosis when unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies are identified in an elderly patient's jawbones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mandibular cyst-like lesion was identified in a 73-year-old patient. The therapeutic decision was cyst enucleation and grafting of the bone defect. RESULTS: The initial presumptive diagnosis was invalidated by the histopathological examination that revealed the features characteristic for the aneurysmal bone cyst. CONCLUSION: Aneurysmal bone cyst in an elderly patient is a rare condition.