ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, the discourse on dental hygiene education has gained momentum in Canada. This review provides insights into the evolution of dental hygiene education in Canada, briefly exploring the history and professional influences for diploma and baccalaureate education within the profession. The profession in Canada has yet to implement a national standardized entry-to-practice educational model, but the recent development of national educational competencies may prove to be a promising beginning. The review also discusses efforts to advance dental hygiene education in recent years, while exploring the political and professional pressures and challenges that remain. Further discourse on education and outcomes-related research can be effective in positively influencing governmental, professional and public opinions of higher entry-level education for dental hygiene which may ultimately result in regulatory change and improved client outcomes.
Subject(s)
Dental Hygienists/education , Canada , Certification , Competency-Based Education , Government Regulation , Humans , Internationality , Professional Autonomy , Professional PracticeABSTRACT
Over nearly four decades (1911-1947) ICN established itself as an enduring organization for nurses in the midst of turbulent international politics, pressing healthcare demands and hardships of war. As women, ICN leaders had devoted themselves to their mission to improve the cause of nursing, economically, professionally and culturally. In the process the unifying missionary spirit of the early leaders underwent important transformations. In part, because of tensions resulting from diverse views from within, but most of all because of external influences of profound social change and the upheaval of war, the postwar identity of ICN was different.
Subject(s)
International Council of Nurses , Warfare , Europe , History, 20th Century , Humans , Politics , United StatesABSTRACT
In the Netherlands, mental health nursing evolved within the context of the rise of scientific psychiatry, which emphasized organic origins of mental illness. Psychiatrists introduced new somatic treatments and designed a mental nurse training system which was aimed at creating a nursing staff skilled in somatic care. This created new opportunities for women, while at the same time restricting the role of men in nursing. The position of male nurses was marginalized, both in number and status. The introduction of mental nurse training in the Meerenberg asylum near Amsterdam illustrates the point. The career of male nurse PN Bras reflected the ambivalent experience of male nurses, and exemplified the strong reaction of male nurses against the gendered image of the womanly nurse.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Nurses, Male/history , Psychiatric Nursing/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , NetherlandsABSTRACT
Throughout the history of nursing, holistic ideas can be identified that reflect nursing's ambivalence towards changes in health care and in ideas about illness during the 19th and 20th century. The relationship between historical context and the meaning of holism in nursing is described using historical as well as conceptual analyses. Three important periods are discussed: holistic public health nursing in the beginning of the century, a shift towards holistic hospital nursing in the middle of the century, and a modern holistic health nursing model that emerged in the 1960s. Each period reflects a different perspective on nursing's struggle to gain status as a profession, its complicated relationship with medicine, and its difficulty in maintaining the tradition of care and compassion within an industrialized society that becomes more individualized and fragmented.