ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Bosworth fracture is a distal fibula oblique fracture with proximal fibula posterior dislocation behind the posterior tibia tubercle. Extreme external rotation of the supinated foot causes it. These types of fractures and their treatment are infrequently described in the literatures. Case Report: A 72 -year-old female pillion rider on a two-wheeler had a Road traffic accident. The patient arrived at the emergency room with a Bosworth fracture along with an open ankle dislocation (Gustilo-Anderson Type 2B). She underwent a staged procedure in form of an external fixator and later on definitive fixation in the form of ankle fusion with retrograde nailing. Since there is very little information regarding treatment modality for an open Bosworth fracture with an ankle dislocation, this case report is very rare. Fracture united well within 8 weeks. Conclusion: These fractures in elderly patients with comorbidities if poorly managed can lead to severe consequences like an amputation. Awareness of these fractures patterns and their treatment can play a potential role in limb salvage.
ABSTRACT
Background. As the mental foramen (MF) is an important landmark to facilitate surgical, local anesthetic, and other invasive procedures, the present study was aimed to elucidate its morphological features and morphometric parameters with reference to surrounding landmarks. Material and Method. 105 dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex were observed for position, shape, and number of mental foramina. Their size was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviations (SD). Results. In most cases (74.3%), the MF was oval in shape and situated on the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar tooth (61% on right side and 59.1% on left side). The mean distance for the right and left sides was measured from various landmarks. Conclusion. Prior knowledge of mental foramen variations helps surgeons in planning surgery in that region to avoid nerve damage and also enable effective mental nerve block anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leukoplakia is a common, potentially premalignant lesion with malignant transformation rate from 1 to 17% with highest transformation rate for the lesions on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue. One of the main etiological factors is consuming areca nut and its commercial preparations which generate high levels of reactive oxygen species during their metabolism. So the aim of this present study is to evaluate the plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, antioxidant mineral zinc, glutathione and total antioxidant status (TAS) in leukoplakia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, we selected 23 newly diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients of both sexes within the age group 28-40 years and the same number of age and sex matched healthy individuals without having history of any systemic illness were selected as control group. In both the groups, we measured plasma antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, antioxidant mineral zinc, GSH and TAS. Student's t test was applied and the P value <0.001 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: We observed very low levels of antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, antioxidant mineral zinc and antioxidant metabolite GSH (P<0.001) and at the same time we also observed very poor (TAS) (P<0.001) in leukoplakia patients when compared to patients in control group. CONCLUSION: The consumption of tobacco or areca quid which contains high copper levels creates an oxidative stress like environment during their metabolism, might play a major role in causation and propagation of oral leukoplakia.
