ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Headache is the most frequent symptom of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) but there is limited information about the frequency and phenotype of headache, weeks to months after cerebral venous thrombosis (post-cerebral venous thrombosis headache, PCH). OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency, characteristics and predictors of PCH. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the frequency and characteristics of PCH were assessed in cerebral venous thrombosis survivors. Patients were interviewed between six months and five years after the cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosis. Clinical and imaging characteristics at the time of cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosis, as well as history of headache prior to cerebral venous thrombosis were compared in subjects with (GroupPCH) and without PCH (Groupcontrol). RESULTS: Subjects (n = 100; 82% women) were assessed, on average, at 1.1 ± 1.6 years of follow-up. PCH was present in 59% of the patients, phenotypes of tension-type-like headache were present in 31/59 (52.6%) and of migraine-like headache in 16/59 (27.1%). History of primary headache prior to cerebral venous thrombosis was significantly more common (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 1.7-36.3) in GroupPCH (33.9%) than in Groupcontrol (7.3%). CONCLUSION: PCH was present in more than half of the patients. History of prior headache may be a risk factor for PCH. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and determine mechanisms, as well as interventions for prevention and treatment of PCH.
Subject(s)
Intracranial Thrombosis , Venous Thrombosis , Female , Male , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intracranial Thrombosis/complications , Intracranial Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Thrombosis/epidemiology , Cranial Sinuses , Headache/epidemiology , Headache/etiology , Headache/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The objective of this research was to assess the occurrence of cognitive impairment in 32 individuals (average age: 67.2 years old) with Parkinson' disease (PD). PROCEDURES: clinical-neurological assessment; modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS); standard neuropsychological battery of CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Disease); Pfeffer questionnaire; and Clinical Dementia Rating. A comparison was made with a control group (CG), consisting of 26 individuals with similar age and educational level but without cognitive impairment. The PD patients showed an inferior performance in the CERAD battery when compared to the CG. Three PD sub-groups were characterised according to cognition: no cognitive impairment--15 cases; mild cognitive impairment--10; dementia--7 cases. There was a significant association between motor disability (HYS) and the occurrence of dementia. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment frequently occur in PD patients and should be investigated in a routine way.
Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/etiology , Dementia/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to assess the occurrence of cognitive impairment in 32 individuals (average age: 67.2 years old) with Parkinson' disease (PD). Procedures: clinical-neurological assessment; modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS); standard neuropsychological battery of CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Disease); Pfeffer questionnaire; and Clinical Dementia Rating. A comparison was made with a control group (CG), consisting of 26 individuals with similar age and educational level but without cognitive impairment. The PD patients showed an inferior performance in the CERAD battery when compared to the CG. Three PD sub-groups were characterised according to cognition: no cognitive impairment - 15 cases; mild cognitive impairment - 10; dementia - 7 cases. There was a significant association between motor disability (HYS) and the occurrence of dementia. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment frequently occur in PD patients and should be investigated in a routine way.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência de déficits cognitivos em 32 indivíduos (idade média: 67,2 anos) com doença de Parkinson (DP). Procedimentos: avaliação clínico-neurológica, escala de Hoehn and Yahr modificada (EHY), bateria neurospicológica do CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer' Disease), questionário de Pfeffer e escore clínico da demência (Clinical Dementia Rating). Foi feita comparação com grupo controle (GC) de 26 indivíduos sem declínio cognitivo, com idade e nível educacional similares. Os pacientes com DP tiveram desempenho inferior na bateria CERAD, quando comparados ao do GC. Foram caracterizados 3 subgrupos com PD segundo a cognição: sem déficits cognitivos - 15 casos; transtorno cognitivo leve - 10; demência - 7 casos. Houve associação entre comprometimento motor e ocorrência de demência. Demência e transtorno cognitivo leve são freqüentes em pacientes com DP e devem ser investigados de modo rotineiro.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Dementia/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Case-Control Studies , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Lentificação difusa ou focal da atividade de base e atividade epileptiforme ao eletrencefalograma, assim como desenvolvimento de crises epilépticas foram descritas, na literatura, em pacientes em uso de drogas antipsicóticas, como os fenotiazidicos e a butirofenona. No entanto, há relatos de baixo risco de ocorrência de crises epilépticas relacionadas ao uso da olanzapina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação de olanzapina e crises epilépticas em dois casos. MÉTODO: São Relatados os casos de dois acientes de 45 e 37 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, que apresentaram crises epilépticas generalizadas, respectivamente, quatro meses e um mês após o início do uso de olanzapina. No eletrencefalograma havia complexos de ponta-onda generalizados em um paciente e focais em outro. CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação de crises epilépticas e uso de olanzapina em dois casos.
INTRODUCTION: Slowing and epileptiform activity in EEG-patterns as well as epileptic seizures have been published during antipsychotic therapy with phenothiazines and butyrophenones. More recently, olanzepine, a new class of antipsychotic drug for use in treatment of refractory schizophrenics has been associated with a low risk of epileptic seizure occurrence. METHODS: We studied two patients, 45 and 37 years old, with schizophrenia and generalized epileptic seizures appearing, respectively, four and one month after starting olanzapine treatment. Their electroencephalogram showed spike-wave discharges generalized in one case and focal in the second patient. CONCLUSION: It was observed an association between epileptic seizures and olanzapine use.
