[Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to antibiotics analyzed at "Cantacuzino" NIRDMI during 2006-2008]. / Studiul tulpinilor de Streptococcus pneumoniae rezistente la antibiotice analizate la INCDMI "Cantacuzino" în perioada 2006-2008.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the this study was the analysis of the resistance to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in last years. METHODS: 328 S. pneumoniae strains, coming from blood, CSF tracheal aspirate (TA), or sputum, pleural fluid (PL) and other samples (ear and sinus fluid) isolated in 2006-2008, were analyzed at INCDMI "Cantacuzino", National Reference Center for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strains were tested for susceptibility to by agar diution method (minimal inhibitory concentration-MIC) to the following antibiotics: penicillin (Pc), erythromycin (Em), cephalothin (Kf). cefuroxim (Cxm), cefotaxim (Ctx), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (Sxt), ofloxacin (Ojx), amoxicillin (Amx). tetracycline (Te), cloramphenicol (Cm), vancomycin (Va). RESULTS: The analysis of the results was done according to CLSI 2009. Pneumococci strains isolated from blood, CSF, TA or sputum and PL showed lower resistance level to antibiotics (38.8% Pc, 9.3% Cxm. 4.1% Ctx, 2.7% Amx. 24% Em, 2.4% Ofx, 68% Sxt) against those isolated from ear ans sinus fluid which revealed high levels of resistance (70% Pc, 11.2 % Cxm, 5.9 % Ctx, 3.4% Amx, 58.4 % Em. 3.8% Ofx, 73% Sxt). Strains resistant to penicillin, isolated from blood and CSF revealed the following aspects: 17% low level of resistance and 11 % high level of resistance. CONCLUSIONS. The most efficient antibiotics were Ctx, Amx and Oft. A continuous surveillance of pneumococci strains resistant to antibiotics is needed, as well as the use of an pneumococcal efficient vaccine.

The in vitro susceptibility to 7 antibiotics of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated last years in Romania.

Thirty-one strains of Neisseria meningitidis strains coming from CSF, collected at the National Reference Center for Meningococci between January 2007-March 2008 were serogrouped and analysed for the susceptibility to 7 antibiotics: penicillin (Pc), erythromycin (Em), ceftriaxone (Cro), cefotaxime (Ctx), ciprofloxacin (Cip), rifampin (Rif), sulfonamides (Sm). Results revealed that serogroup B accounted to the highest number of strains (51.7%), followed by serogroup C (35.5%), serogroup W 135 (6.4%) and serogroup X (6.4%). The data analysed according to EMGM revealed the following aspects: 100% susceptibility to Cro and Ctx., 96.7% susceptibility to Rif (MIC 50 and MIC 90 =0.03 mg/l) and 96.7% susceptibility to Cip (MIC 50 and MIC 90=0.0015 mg/l). Concerning Pc, it was revealed 58% susceptible strains, 38.7% intermediate and 3.3% resistant strains with MIC 50=0.06 mg/l and MIC 90=0.12 mg/l. A high proportion (100%) of isolates were fully resistant to Sm, while 22.6% of strains were resistant to Em. In conclusion, this study showed that Cro, Ctx, Cip and Rif were the most efficient drugs. Sulfonamides must be used neither for treatment nor for prophylaxis, as they would be ineffective. Serogroups B and C were predominant in this period in Romania. The need for new antimicrobial agents and vaccines is being felt in today's society.