ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire evaluates a drug user's confidence in his or her ability to resist the urge to consume psychoactive substances in high-risk situations. This study's objective was to develop a cross-cultural adaptation of the eight-item version of the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ-8) for all drugs except alcohol and to verify its content validity and reliability in a pre-test stage. METHODS: The following steps were taken: (1) implementation of the translation protocol and transcultural adaptation, (2) validation of the adapted content, and (3) assessment of reliability. Nine experts participated in the process of adaptation, and the trial's sample comprised 40 drug users in treatment at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad). RESULTS: The average indices of semantic agreement (0.989; 0.989; 1.00), idiomatic (0.967), experiential (0.956), conceptual (0.978) and content validity with respect to language clarity (0.972), practice relevance (0.958), theoretical relevance (0.958) and theoretical dimension (1.00) showed that the adaption was successful. The mean total score of the DTCQ-8 version for other drugs was 477.00 + 234.27-SD, and 57.5 % of the users were classified as having moderate self-efficacy to resist the urge to use drugs in high-risk situations. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.889 for the complete instrument and 0.863-0.890 between items. CONCLUSIONS: The DTCQ-8 version for other drugs proved to be easy to use and understand, and its process of adaptation was satisfactory for use in the Brazilian context. In this sample, the questionnaire was adequate to measure users' self-efficacy to resist the urge to consume these substances in high-risk situations.
Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Adult , Age of Onset , Aged , Brazil , Culture , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Smoking/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The mental health of nursing staff members influences the work process outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Identify the work related factors that harms the nursing team's mental health. METHODS: Databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and MEDLINE, by mating between the indexed descriptors in MeSH terms "mental health" and "occupational health nursing". 783 articles were rescued to give a final sample of 18 articles. Integrative review in order to identify factors associated with the work process of the nursing staff that negatively affects mental health. RESULTS: The main associated factors were work demands, psychological demands, violence, aggression, poor relationships with administrators, accidents involving the risk of exposure to HIV, stress and errors in the execution of labor activities. The main findings regarding the nursing staff's mental health were post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, stress, major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Occupational nurses need to understand the complexities of mental health problems and substance use among nursing staff members to recognize, identify and care for workers at risk and offer adequate mental health care. Although the researches interests in this theme have increased, proving that all these factors contribute to the risk to mental health of nursing professionals, the protective measures and care are being neglected by managers in both private and public network . The health of nursing workers in question here is one more challenge for a profession that takes care of others in need, therefore, requires some caring with their own health.
ABSTRACT
Childbirth may be a traumatic experience for some women. This observational study aimed to describe the incidence of traumatic childbirth in two regional maternity services in Brazil. In addition, the study intended to determine characteristics that are associated with traumatic childbirth. A total of 328 women were interviewed, up to 72 hours postpartum, between July and November 2010. Women were screened for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSMI-IV) criteria for traumatic event using the item A of SCID-I interview for PTSD. Socio-demographic and obstetrical variables, pain score, previous trauma and dissociative experiences in women with and without traumatic childbirth were compared. A total of 53 (16.2%) of the sample fulfilled the criteria for a traumatic event. It observed that some socio-demographic and obstetrical variables may be considered as associated with traumatic childbirth, such as an intermediate level of schooling, high risk pregnancy, obstetrical complications during pregnancy, primiparity, a high pain score, forceps, episiotomy, prematurity, obstetrical complications at birth or with the baby, baby needing hospital care, dissociative experience peripartum, no satisfaction with maternity care, not being well informed of the progress of labor and previous trauma related to urban violence, sexual abuse or domestic violence. Childbirth may be a traumatic event for Brazilian. In this sample traumatic childbirth was associated with pain, previous trauma, dissociative experiences and some socio-demographic and obstetrical variables. Traumatic childbirth constitutes an important mental health problem and need more attention from health.
El parto puede ser una experiencia traumática para algunas mujeres. Este estudio observacional tuvo como objetivo describir la incidencia del parto traumático en dos servicios regionales de maternidad en Brasil. Además, el estudio pretendía determinar las características asociadas con el parto traumático. Un total de 328 mujeres fueron entrevistadas, hasta 72 horas después del parto, entre julio y noviembre de 2010. Las mujeres fueron seleccionadas para el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, Cuarta Edición (DSMI-IV) para el evento traumático utilizando el ítem A de SCID- entrevisto para estrés postraumático. Se compararon variables sociodemográficas y obstétricas, puntuación de dolor, trauma previo y experiencias disociativas en mujeres con y sin parto traumático. Un total de 53 (16,2%) de la muestra cumplieron los criterios para un evento traumático. Se observó que algunas variables sociodemográficas y obstétricas pueden considerarse asociadas con el parto traumático, como un nivel intermedio de escolaridad, un embarazo de alto riesgo, las complicaciones obstétricas durante el embarazo, la primiparidad, un alto puntaje de dolor, fórceps, episiotomía, prematuridad, obstetricia Lactancia que necesita atención hospitalaria, experiencia disociativa periparto, ausencia de satisfacción con la atención de maternidad, no estar bien informado sobre el progreso del parto y trauma previo relacionado con la violencia urbana, el abuso sexual o la violencia doméstica. El parto puede ser un evento traumático para el brasileño. En esta muestra el parto traumático se asoció con dolor, traumatismo previo, experiencias disociativas y algunas variables sociodemográficas y obstétricas. El parto traumático constituye un importante problema de salud mental y necesita más atención de la salud
