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1.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 139(14): 607-612, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109621

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo: La supervivencia de los pacientes hematológicos en las unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) es tan escasa que cabe preguntarse si está indicado o no su ingreso en ellas. El objetivo de este estudio fue averiguar la supervivencia de estos pacientes en una UCI para saber si su ingreso está justificado. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo de 600 pacientes hematológicos (media [DE] de edad de 49,4 [16,4] años, 58,3% varones) que suman 660 ingresos en la UCI de un hospital universitario, con seguimiento a los 6 meses. Las enfermedades hematológicas fueron: leucemia (50,5%), linfoma (18,7%), mieloma (10,0%), síndrome mielodisplásico (4,2%), anemia aplásica o aplasia medular (3,3%), microangiopatías trombóticas y síndrome HELLP (7,4%), y otras. Resultados: Sobrevivió el 37,5% de los pacientes. La supervivencia de las microangiopatías trombóticas y síndrome HELLP fue mayor (81,8% de los pacientes) que la de las leucemias (26,6%) y linfomas (49,1%). La supervivencia cuando el motivo de ingreso fue insuficiencia respiratoria con o sin shock séptico (20 y 27% de los ingresos respectivamente) fue menor que cuando fue únicamente por shock séptico (58,7%). La supervivencia de los pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica fue del 14,6%, a depuración extrarrenal del 32,4% y a ambas técnicas del 13,8%. De los pacientes con leucemia o linfoma ventilados mecánicamente en cualquiera de sus ingresos sobrevivió a la UCI el 10,3% (93 días de estancia por cada vida salvada), pero solo el 7,7% estaba vivo a los 6 meses. Conclusiones: Dado que, en todos los grupos, la supervivencia en la UCI fue mayor del 10%, el ingreso de estos pacientes está justificado (AU)


Background and objective: The survival of haematologic patients admitted to Intensive Care units (ICU) isso poor, that it is debatable whether they should be admitted or not to them. We aimed to find out the survival of these patients in an ICU to know if their admission is justified. Patients and method: Retrospective study of 600 haematologic patients (49.4 16.4 years, 58.3% male)representing a total of 660 different admissions to the ICU of a university hospital, with a 6 months follow-up. Haematologic diseases were: leukaemia (50.5%), lymphoma (18.7%), myeloma (10.0%), myelody splasic syndromes (4.2%), aplastic anaemia or bone marrow aplasia (3.3%), thrombotic microangiopathies and HELL Psyndrome (7.4%), and others. Results: A total of 37.5% of patients survived. Survival of thrombotic microangiopathies and HELL Psyndrome was higher (81.8% of patients) than that of leukaemias (26.6%) and lymphomas (49.1%). When the reason for ICU admission was respiratory failure with or without septic shock, the survival was lower(20 and 27% of admissions respectively) than when it was septic shock alone (58.7%). Survival of mechanically ventilated patients was 14.6%, that of those treated with any renal replacement therapy32.4% and that of patients with both treatments 13.8%. From all mechanically ventilated leukaemia or lymphoma patients, 10.3% survived (93 days in the ICU per life saved) but only 7.7% were alive 6 months later. Conclusions: Considering that the ICU survival was higher than 10% for all the groups studied, we conclude that admission of haematologic patients to the ICU is appropriate (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hematologic Diseases/epidemiology , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Survival Rate , HELLP Syndrome/epidemiology , Thrombosis/epidemiology , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiology , Leukemia/epidemiology
2.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 139(14): 607-12, 2012 Dec 08.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22995845

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The survival of haematologic patients admitted to Intensive Care units (ICU) is so poor, that it is debatable whether they should be admitted or not to them. We aimed to find out the survival of these patients in an ICU to know if their admission is justified. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 600 haematologic patients (49.4 ± 16.4 years, 58.3% male) representing a total of 660 different admissions to the ICU of a university hospital, with a 6 months follow-up. Haematologic diseases were: leukaemia (50.5%), lymphoma (18.7%), myeloma (10.0%), myelodysplasic syndromes (4.2%), aplastic anaemia or bone marrow aplasia (3.3%), thrombotic microangiopathies and HELLP syndrome (7.4%), and others. RESULTS: A total of 37.5% of patients survived. Survival of thrombotic microangiopathies and HELLP syndrome was higher (81.8% of patients) than that of leukaemias (26.6%) and lymphomas (49.1%). When the reason for ICU admission was respiratory failure with or without septic shock, the survival was lower (20 and 27% of admissions respectively) than when it was septic shock alone (58.7%). Survival of mechanically ventilated patients was 14.6%, that of those treated with any renal replacement therapy 32.4% and that of patients with both treatments 13.8%. From all mechanically ventilated leukaemia or lymphoma patients, 10.3% survived (93 days in the ICU per life saved) but only 7.7% were alive 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the ICU survival was higher than 10% for all the groups studied, we conclude that admission of haematologic patients to the ICU is appropriate.


Subject(s)
Hematologic Diseases/mortality , Intensive Care Units , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Hematologic Diseases/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Young Adult
3.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 129(9): 339-42, 2007 Sep 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17910850

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain if a bilaterally lung transplanted patient can climb a mountain higher than 4,000 metres and to compare the evolution of his physiological parameters during the ascent with those of healthy mountaineers. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, Tiffenau test, 25-75 mesoexpiratory flow, peak flow, severity of dyspnoea (analogic score) and symptoms and signs of acute mountain sickness (lake Louise and Serrano-Alcócer scores) were measured in a bilaterally lung transplanted patient and in 4 healthy mountaineers at sea level and at different altitudes during the ascent of Breithorn (4,164 m) from Zermatt in 3 days. RESULTS: All subjects attained the summit. The transplanted patient suffered from an acute mountain sickness at 2,700 m but recovered spontaneously. No other substantial differences were found during the climb between the patient's physiological parameters and those of the healthy controls. On the summit (third day) the patient's SaO2 (90%) was higher than the figure which should be theoretically expected for this altitude among non-acclimatised subjects (81%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that it is possible for a bilaterally lung transplanted patient to climb by his own effort a mountain higher than 4,000 m with no physiological changes other than those experienced by healthy mountaineers. Considering the spontaneous recovery from the acute mountain sickness and the high SaO2 on the summit of Breithorn, we conclude that lung transplantation does not necessarily prevent altitude acclimatisation.


Subject(s)
Altitude , Lung Transplantation , Mountaineering/physiology , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 129(9): 339-342, sept. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057952

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Comprobar si un paciente trasplantado de ambos pulmones puede subir una montaña de más de 4.000 m y comparar la evolución de sus parámetros fisiológicos durante la ascensión con la de los montañeros sanos. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: A un paciente trasplantado y 4 montañeros sanos se les midió la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2), la capacidad vital forzada, el volumen espiratorio máximo en el primer segundo, el índice de Tiffenau, el flujo mesoespiratorio 25-75, el flujo máximo, la intensidad de la disnea (escala analógica) y las manifestaciones de mal de montaña agudo (escalas del lago Louise y de Serrano y Alcócer) al nivel del mar y durante una ascensión desde Zermatt al Breithorn (4.164 m) en 3 días. RESULTADOS: Todos los sujetos alcanzaron la cumbre. El paciente trasplantado sufrió mal de montaña agudo a 2.700 m, pero se recuperó espontáneamente. Durante la ascensión no se detectó ninguna diferencia sustancial entre los parámetros fisiológicos del paciente y los de los montañeros sanos. En la cumbre, al tercer día de la ascensión, la SaO2 del paciente (90%) fue mayor que la que suelen tener a la misma altitud los sujetos sanos no aclimatados (81%). CONCLUSIONES: Es posible que un paciente trasplantado de ambos pulmones alcance por su propio esfuerzo la cima de una montaña de más de 4.000 m y que dicha ascensión se lleve a cabo sin que se produzcan alteraciones fisiológicas distintas de las que se dan en sujetos sanos. El trasplante pulmonar no impide necesariamente la aclimatación a la altitud


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain if a bilaterally lung transplanted patient can climb a mountain higher than 4,000 metres and to compare the evolution of his physiological parameters during the ascent with those of healthy mountaineers. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, Tiffenau test, 25-75 mesoexpiratory flow, peak flow, severity of dyspnoea (analogic score) and symptoms and signs of acute mountain sickness (lake Louise and Serrano-Alcócer scores) were measured in a bilaterally lung transplanted patient and in 4 healthy mountaineers at sea level and at different altitudes during the ascent of Breithorn (4,164 m) from Zermatt in 3 days. RESULTS: All subjects attained the summit. The transplanted patient suffered from an acute mountain sickness at 2,700 m but recovered spontaneously. No other substantial differences were found during the climb between the patient’s physiological parameters and those of the healthy controls. On the summit (third day) the patient’s SaO2 (90%) was higher than the figure which should be theoretically expected for this altitude among non-acclimatised subjects (81%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that it is possible for a bilaterally lung transplanted patient to climb by his own effort a mountain higher than 4,000 m with no physiological changes other than those experienced by healthy mountaineers. Considering the spontaneous recovery from the acute mountain sickness and the high SaO2 on the summit of Breithorn, we conclude that lung transplantation does not necessarily prevent altitude acclimatisation


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Altitude Sickness/physiopathology , Lung Transplantation , Lung Volume Measurements , Altitude , Acclimatization/physiology , Case-Control Studies
5.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 124(5): 172-6, 2005 Feb 12.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15725367

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We decided to determine how arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) diminishes with altitude in unacclimatized mountaineers and in mountain dwellers. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Pulseoximetric measurements in unacclimatized mountaineers (214 measurements in several Spanish mountains and in the Alps up to 4,164 m) and in mountain dwellers (209 measurements in several Spanish and Bolivian villages up to 4,230 m). We performed pulseoximetric measurements for three consecutive days in eight mountaineers on the summit of Aneto (3,404 m) to ascertain whether SaO2 increases or not during early acclimatization. RESULTS: Equations describing the SaO2 reduction with altitude are as follows: a) for unacclimatized mountaineers, SaO2 = 98.8183 - 0.0001.h - 0.000001.h2, b) for mountain dwellers, SaO2 = 98.2171 + 0.0012.h - 0.0000008.h2. (SaO2 in %; h: altitude in m. Lower limit of 95% confidence intervals given in the text). SaO2 of mountain dwellers is higher than that of unacclimatized mountaineers studied at the same altitude (p < 0.05 for any altitude over 1,692 m). SaO2 of mountaineers increased during early acclimatization (p < 0.05) to reach in few days the SaO2 of mountain dwellers. Unacclimatized mountaineers who spent the previous night over 2,000 m had higher SaO2 in altitude than those who slept under 2,000 m (p < 0.05). Mountaineers who performed any high-mountain activity (i.e. over 2,500 m) in the previous 12 months had higher SaO2 on the summit of Aneto than those who have never been over 2,500 m before (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SaO2 increases during the acclimatization process. Our equations serve to calculate the SaO2 which can be considered normal for healthy people for every altitude below 4,200 m, both before and after the acclimatization process.


Subject(s)
Acclimatization/physiology , Altitude , Mountaineering/physiology , Oxygen Consumption , Adult , Altitude Sickness/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Oximetry , Reference Values
6.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 124(5): 172-176, feb. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036457

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Determinar cómo disminuye la saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO 2 ) con la altitud en los montañeros no aclimatados y en los habitantes de las montañas. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Se realizó una pulsioximetría a montañeros no aclimatados (214 mediciones en diversas montañas españolas y en los Alpes hasta 4.164 m) y a habitantes de las montañas (209 mediciones en diversas poblaciones españolas y bolivianas hasta 4.230 m) y una pulsioximetría durante 3 días consecutivos a 8 montañeros en la cumbre del Aneto (3.404 m) para comprobar si la SaO 2 aumenta precozmente durante la aclimatación. RESULTADOS: Las ecuaciones que describen la disminución de la SaO 2 con la altitud son: a) para los montañeros no aclimatados, SaO 2 = 98,8183 - 0,0001·h - 0,000001·h 2 , y b) para los habitantes de las montañas, SaO 2 = 98,2171 + 0,0012·h - 0,0000008·h 2 (SaO 2 en %; h: altitud en m. El límite inferior de los intervalos de confianza del 95% figura en el texto). La SaO 2 delos habitantes de las montañas es mayor que la de los montañeros no aclimatados estudiados ala misma altitud (p < 0,05 para cualquier altitud por encima de 1.692 m). La SaO 2 de los montañeros aumenta precozmente durante la aclimatación (p < 0,05) hasta igualar la que tienen los habitantes de las montañas. Los montañeros que pasan la noche por encima de 2.000m tienen al día siguiente mayor SaO 2 en altitud que los que la pasan por debajo de esa altitud(p < 0,05). Los montañeros con experiencia de alta montaña en los 12 meses previos tienen en la cumbre del Aneto mayor SaO 2 que los que nunca antes han hecho alta montaña (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: La SaO 2 aumenta durante el proceso de aclimatación. Nuestras ecuaciones permiten calcular, para cualquier altitud hasta 4.200 m, cuál es la SaO 2 que puede considerarse normal en personas sanas, antes y después de la aclimatación


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We decided to determine how arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) diminishes with altitude in unacclimatized mountaineers and in mountain wellers. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Pulseoximetric measurements in un acclimatized mountaineers (214 measurements in several Spanish mountains and in the Alps up to 4,164 m) and in mountain dwellers(209 measurements in several Spanish and Bolivian villages up to 4,230 m). We performed pulseoximetric measurements for three consecutive days in eight mountaineers on the summit of Aneto (3,404 m) to ascertain whether SaO 2 increases or not during early acclimatization. RESULTS: Equations describing the SaO 2 reduction with altitude are as follows: a) for acclimatized mountaineers, SaO 2 = 98.8183 - 0.0001·h - 0.000001·h 2 , b) for mountain dwellers, SaO2 = 98.2171 + 0.0012·h - 0.0000008·h 2. (SaO 2 in %; h: altitude in m. Lower limit of 95% confidence intervals given in the text). SaO 2 of mountain dwellers is higher than that of una climatized montaineers studied at the same altitude (p < 0.05 for any altitude over1,692 m). SaO 2 of mountaineers increased during early acclimatization (p < 0.05) to reach infew days the SaO 2 of mountain dwellers. Un acclimatized mountaineers who spent the previousnight over 2,000 m had higher SaO 2 in altitude than those who slept under 2,000 m (p <0.05). Mountaineers who performed any high-mountain activity (i.e. over 2,500 m) in the previous12 months had higher SaO 2 on the summit of Aneto than those who have never been over2,500 m before (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SaO 2 increases during the acclimatization process. Our equations serve to calculate the SaO 2 which can be considered normal for healthy people for every altitude below 4,200 m, both before and after the acclimatization process


Subject(s)
Humans , Mountaineering/physiology , Altitude Sickness/diagnosis , Altitude , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Acclimatization/physiology , Bolivia , Spain , Oxygenation
7.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 57(4): 327-30, 2004 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15104987
8.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(4): 327-330, abr. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31417

ABSTRACT

No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Terminology , Heart , Terminology , Language
9.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 118(2): 47-52, 2002 Jan 26.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11809143

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to determine whether spirometric alterations occur during expeditions to 8,000-metre peaks, and whether these are modified by acclimatization or are related to acute mountain sickness, to arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) or to muscular deterioration due to chronic hypoxic exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) maximal static pressures, grip strength in both hands, and SaO2 at rest and exercise were measured in eight subjects during an expedition to Gasherbrum II (8,035 m). RESULTS: Upon arrival at the base camp (5,200 m), both FVC and FEV1 decreased, with no changes in the FEV1/FVC ratio. FVC did not improve after a brief pressurisation in a portable hyperbaric chamber. A month later, FVC in the base camp returned to normal values. FVC fall correlated with both the severity of acute mountain sickness and weight loss. Resting SaO2 improved with acclimatisation and correlated with the previous hypoxic ventilatory response, both before and after acclimatisation. Acclimatisation led to a decrease in the exercise-induced SaO2 fall. Stay at a high altitude lowered body weight and grip strength, although MIP and MEP remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a restrictive alteration was corrected by with acclimatisation. This phenomenon seems to be related to a subclinical high-altitude pulmonary oedema rather than to an increase in the pulmonary vascular volume. Despite the high-altitude muscular deterioration, respiratory muscle weakness was not


Subject(s)
Altitude , Respiration , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
10.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 118(2): 47-52, ene. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5052

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Conocer si durante las expediciones a montañas de más de 8.000 m ocurren alteraciones espirométricas y si éstas se modifican por la aclimatación, se relacionan con el mal agudo de montaña, con la saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2) o con el deterioro muscular por la hipoxia crónica. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: En 8 sujetos participantes en una expedición al Gasherbrum II (8.035 m) estudiamos la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio máximo por segundo (VEMS), las presiones máximas inspiratoria (PIM) y espiratoria (PEM), la fuerza prensil en ambas manos y la SaO2 en reposo y durante el ejercicio. RESULTADOS: Al llegar al campamento base (5.200 m) observamos un descenso de la CVF y del VEMS, sin cambios en la relación VEMS/CVF por ciento. La CVF no mejoró tras la presurización en una cámara hiperbárica. Un mes después, la CVF se había normalizado. La caída de la CVF se corelacionó con la aparición de mal agudo de montaña y con la pérdida de peso. La SaO2 en reposo mejoró con la aclimatación y se correlacionó con la respuesta ventilatoria a la hipoxia, tanto antes como después de la aclimatación. La aclimatación corrigió la caída de la SaO2 por el ejercicio. La permanencia a gran altitud disminuyó la fuerza en ambas manos, pero no redujo la PIM ni la PEM. CONCLUSIONES: Durante la ascensión a una montaña de más de 8.000 m, apreciamos una alteración restrictiva que mejora con la aclimatación, atribuible más a edema pulmonar subclínico que a incremento del volumen vascular. Pese al deterioro muscular de la gran altitud, no hallamos debilidad de la musculatura respiratoria (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Respiration , Altitude
11.
High Alt Med Biol ; 3(4): 395-9, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12631425

ABSTRACT

High altitude peripheral nerve disease secondary to frostbite or trauma is a well-recognized medical problem during mountaineering expeditions. However, in our experience as medical professionals on 19 expeditions to the Himalayas in the years 1977 to 2000, an unusual syndrome of neuropathic pain and/or dysesthesia in both feet apparently unrelated to frostbite or trench foot was observed in 8 (4.8%) of 165 European mountaineers. Mountaineers complained of persistent and continuous pain, which was consistently described as a "corky" sensation in their feet, associated with severe lancinating exacerbations. Pain improved with cold and worsened with heat and gentle pressure. Symptoms were incapacitating in a third of the cases. Treatment with carbamazepine was effective, and the disorder evolved to total resolution in 4 to 8 weeks. We present the case of a patient who had this syndrome and in whom complete work-up studies done on his arrival home, 14 days after its presentation, were unrevealing. The paucity of information regarding this particular variety of neuropathic pain of the feet may be due to lack of clinical suspicion in the field, favorable outcome, and difficulties for further study and evaluation.


Subject(s)
Foot Diseases/etiology , Mountaineering , Neuralgia/etiology , Paresthesia/etiology , Adult , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Foot Diseases/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Neuralgia/drug therapy , Paresthesia/drug therapy
12.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 115(14): 530-533, oct. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6606

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estudio de la intoxicación oral por paraquat y evaluación del efecto de la hemoperfusión y de la 'pauta caribeña' (ciclofosfamida, dexametasona, furosemida y vitaminas B y C) sobre la mortalidad. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo de 29 casos consecutivos ingresados en nuestra unidad de medicina intensiva en 17 años. Resultados: a) 25 varones y cuatro mujeres ingirieron solución de paraquat al 20 por ciento, accidentalmente (4 sujetos) o con propósito suicida (25 sujetos). Este propósito fue particularmente firme en los varones de 50-66 años. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvieron vómitos y diarrea. Todos sufrieron causticaciones bucales y faríngeas. En algunos pacientes se detectó hipopotasemia al ingreso o aumento de las aminotransferasas, la bilirrubina, la amilasa o la creatincinasa. Veintidós pacientes sufrieron insuficiencia renal aguda, y 18 insuficiencia respiratoria. Veinte pacientes fallecieron (10 en las primeras 48 h y 10 entre los días 3 y 30); b) 16 pacientes fueron tratados con hemoperfusión con carbón activado; sobrevivieron 4 de los 16 tratados y 5 de los 13 no tratados (NS), y c) 18 pacientes fueron tratados con la 'pauta caribeña'. Salvo uno, los 11 sujetos que ingirieron más de 45 ml (tratados o no con la 'pauta caribeña') murieron. De los que ingirieron ó 45 ml, sobrevivieron 8 de los 12 tratados y ninguno de los seia no tratados (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La hemoperfusión no redujo la mortalidad de la intoxicación por paraquat. La 'pauta caribeña' se asoció a una menor mortalidad en los sujetos que ingirieron ó 45 ml de solución de paraquat al 20 por ciento (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Suicide, Attempted , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Spain , Tuberculosis, Miliary , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , HIV Infections , Cohort Studies , Treatment Outcome , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Poisoning , Paraquat , Respiratory Insufficiency , Retrospective Studies , Charcoal , Burns, Chemical , Diarrhea , Age Factors , Herbicides , Acute Kidney Injury , Hemoperfusion , Gastric Lavage
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