Phonological and semantic verbal fluency test: Scoring criteria and normative data for clustering and switching strategies for Colombian children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Verbal fluency tests (VFT) are highly sensitive to cognitive deficits. Usually, the score on VFT is based on the number of correct words produced, yet it alone gives little information regarding underlying test performance. The implementation of different strategies (cluster and switching) to perform efficiently during the tasks provide more valuable information. However, normative data for clustering and switching strategies are scarce. Moreover, scoring criteria adapted to Colombian Spanish are missing. AIMS: (1) To describe the Colombian adaptation of the scoring system guidelines for clustering and switching strategies in VFT; (2) to determine its reliability; and (3) to provide normative data for Colombian children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. METHODS & PROCEDURES: A total of 691 children and adolescents from Colombia completed phonological (/f/, /a/, /s/, /m/, /r/ and /p/) and semantic (animals and fruits) VFT, and five scores were calculated: total score (TS), number of clusters (NC), cluster size (CS), mean cluster size (MCS) and number of switches (NS). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used for interrater reliability. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to investigate which strategies were associated with VFT TS. Multiple regressions were conducted for each strategy, including as predictors age, age2 , sex, mean parents' education (MPE), MPE2 and type of school, to generate normative data. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Reliability indexes were excellent. Age was associated with VFT TS, but weakly compared with strategies. For both VFT TS, NS was the strongest variable, followed by CS and NC. Regarding norms, age was the strongest predictor for all measures, while age2 was relevant for NC (/f/ phoneme) and NS (/m/ phoneme). Participants with higher MPE obtained more NC, and NS, and larger CS in several phonemes and categories. Children and adolescents from private school generated more NC, NS and larger CS in /s/ phoneme. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: This study provides new scoring guidelines and normative data for clustering and switching strategies for Colombian children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years old. Clinical neuropsychologists should include these measures as part of their everyday practice. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject VFT are widely used within the paediatric population due to its sensitivity to brain injury. Its score is based on the number of correct words produced; however, TS alone gives little information regarding underlying test performance. Several normative data for VFT TS in the paediatric population exist, but normative data for clustering and switching strategies are scarce. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The present study is the first to describe the Colombian adaptation of the scoring guidelines for clustering and switching strategies, and provided normative data for these strategies for children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years old. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Knowing VFT's performance, including strategy development and use in healthy children and adolescents, may be useful for clinical settings. We encourage clinicians to include not only TS, but also a careful analysis of strategies that may be more informative of the underlying cognitive processes failure than TS.

AbobotulinumtoxinA is effective in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity regardless of spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis etiology: Pooled analysis of two phase III randomized studies (CONTENT1 and CONTENT2).

BACKGROUND: Neurogenic detrusor overactivity incontinence (NDOI) is often inadequately managed with oral therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A; Dysport®; Ipsen Ltd.) according to etiology of NDOI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Two phase III, randomized, double-blind studies (CONTENT1 [NCT02660138] conducted in Asia, Europe and North America; CONTENT2 [NCT02660359] conducted in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania) both included patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS), with inadequately managed NDOI, regularly performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). INTERVENTION: Patients in CONTENT1 and CONTENT2 received aboBoNT-A injections 600 U (n = 162)/800 U (n = 161), or placebo (n = 162) into the detrusor muscle. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Primary endpoint: mean change from baseline in number of NDOI episodes/week at Week 6. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients with no NDOI episodes; incontinence-related quality of life (I-QoL); urodynamic parameters; and time-to-retreatment. Safety was also assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted for pooled populations by etiology (aboBoNT-A doses vs. placebo). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 485 randomized patients, 341 (70%) and 144 (30%) had SCI and MS etiologies, respectively. A significant reduction was observed in mean NDOI episodes/week at Week 6 with both aboBoNT-A doses versus placebo in the SCI (all p < 0.001) and MS (all p < 0.01) groups, as well as significant improvements in I-QoL and urodynamic parameters. Median time-to-retreatment was longer in patients with MS (48-62 weeks across doses) than those with SCI (39-44 weeks). Safety data were similar between etiologies. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent adverse event; similar numbers were reported across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: AboBoNT-A was well tolerated and significantly improved continence and bladder function, and QoL, in patients with SCI or MS with NDOI performing regular CIC. PATIENT SUMMARY: AboBoNT-A injections improved QoL, symptoms, and bladder function in patients with SCI or MS with bladder muscle overactivity that causes incontinence.

Altitude and Quality of Life of Older People in Colombia: A Multilevel Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between municipality altitude and quality of life (QOL) of older people in Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey Older Adult Questionnaire 2015 (N = 13,970). QOL was measured in six domains: physical health, psychological health, functional status, social relations, medical history and economic status. Regression analyses were carried out adjusting by individual and contextual level variables. RESULTS: Low altitude was associated with better QOL: physical health (OR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.47-2.52), psychological health (OR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.26-2.00), functional status (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.45-2.23), social relations (OR = 2.16 95%CI 1.73-2.70), and medical history (OR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.37-1.81). Economic status was not associated with altitude. DISCUSSION: Living at high altitude was associated with lower QOL for Colombian older adults. This finding encourages further study of high altitude and health outcomes among older adults in Colombia and other countries with populations living at high altitudes.

Prevalence of Low Scores on Executive Functions Tests in a Spanish-Speaking Pediatric Population from 10 Latin American Countries and Spain.

Pediatric neuropsychologists and researchers commonly interpret a low score as a cognitive weakness. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores for three neuropsychological tests used to evaluate executive function in 4,595 healthy children from Latin-America and Spain. Results showed that low scores are common when multiple neuropsychological outcomes are evaluated in healthy individuals. Clinicians should consider the higher probability of low scores in a given individual when evaluating executive functions using various sets of scores to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits in a child.

Alteración en la coordinación miccional: reporte de caso del síndrome de Fowler / Alteration in the micturition coordination: case report of Fowler's syndrome

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El síndrome de Fowler es poco común, con predominio en mujeres jóvenes; se caracteriza por una actividad anormal, con contracciones repetidas en el esfínter uretral externo, en ausencia de enfermedad neurológica. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 51 años, acudió a consulta por prolapso de órganos pélvicos con sensación de masa en la vagina y dificultad para orinar. En la videourodinamia se apreció una onda intermitente, con hipoactividad del detrusor y micción no coordinada, sin incontinencia, hallazgos característicos del síndrome de Fowler. Se le indicó terapia de aprendizaje de relajación del esfínter para coordinar la micción, posteriormente neuromodulación sacra. Durante el seguimiento se observó mejor coordinación y satisfacción después de orinar. CONCLUSIONES: La micción es un proceso complejo, que implica la integridad de la vía urinaria inferior y adecuado sinergismo con el sistema nervioso central, autónomo y somático. La falla en alguna de estas estructuras podría ocasionar un patrón miccional obstructivo.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Fowler's syndrome is a rare phenomenon mainly in young women in reproductive age with abnormal, repeated contractions in the external urethral sphincter without a neurological disease. CLINICAL CASE: 51-year-old woman with pelvic organ prolapse, symptoms of vaginal bulge and difficult micturition. A videourodynamic study was done showing intermittent waveform, detrusor hypoactivity and uncoordinated micturition without incontinence, suggestive of Fowler's syndrome. The patient underwent therapy for sphincter relaxation and sacral neuromodulation with good response. In the follow up with clinical improvement, referring being satisfied after micturition. CONCLUSIONS: Micturition is a complex process that needs integrity of the lower urinary tract and synergy between this and the central nervous system, autonomous and somatic. Failure in any of these structures can result in an obstructive pattern.

Parental styles in the process of raising children with disruptive disorders / Estilos parentales en el proceso de crianza de niños con trastornos disruptivos

RESUMEN El presente artículo aborda desde el concepto de estilos parentales la función de crianza de los padres que tienen hijos con trastornos disruptivos, tema enmarcado dentro de un proyecto de investigación que tuvo por objetivo evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención neuropsicológico y psicosocial de niños con diagnóstico de trastornos comportamentales entre 9 y 12 años. Se empleó una metodología fenomenológica desde un enfoque cualitativo. Entre los resultados, sobresalen la relación entre el fortalecimiento de los estilos parentales, desde una autoridad y afecto firmes, y un desarrollo emocional y social más estable en sus hijos. En conclusión, los comportamientos disruptivos se agravan por causa de estilos parentales ambivalentes, permisivos o autoritarios.

ABSTRACT The present article discusses from the concept of parenting styles the parenting function of parents who have children with disruptive disorders, a topic framed within a research project that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a program of neuropsychological and psychosocial intervention of children with Diagnosis of behavioral disorders, between 9 and 12 years. A phenomenological methodology was used from a qualitative approach. The results highlight the relationship between strengthening parenting styles, from firm authority and affection, and more stable emotional and social development in their children. In conclusion, disruptive behaviors are aggravated by ambivalent, permissive and/or authoritarian parental styles.

International Continence Society best practice statement for use of sacral neuromodulation.

AIMS: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an accepted therapy for a variety of conditions. However, despite over 20 years of experience, it remains a specialized procedure with a number of subtleties. Here we present the recommendations issued from the International Continence Society (ICS) SNM Consensus Panel. METHODS: Under the auspices of the ICS, eight urologists, three colorectal surgeons and two urogynecologists, covering a wide breadth of geographic and specialty interest representation, met in January 2017 to discuss best practices for neuromodulation. Suggestions for statements were submitted in advance and specific topics were assigned to committee members, who prepared and presented supporting data to the group, at which time each topic was discussed in depth. Best practice statements were formulated based on available data. This document was then circulated to multiple external reviewers after which final edits were made and approved by the group. RESULTS: The present recommendations, based on the most relevant data available in the literature, as well as expert opinion, address a variety of specific and at times problematic issues associated with SNM. These include the use of SNM for a variety of underlying conditions, need for pre-procedural testing, use of staged versus single-stage procedures, screening for success during the trial phase, ideal anesthesia, device implantation, post-procedural management, trouble-shooting loss of device function, and future directions for research. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines undoubtedly constitute a reference document, which will help urologists, gynecologists, and colorectal surgeons optimize their use of SNM for refractory urinary urgency and frequency, UUI, NOR, and FI.

Wealth, Social Protection Programs, and Child Labor in Colombia: A Cross-sectional Study.

This article has 3 main objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of child labor in Colombia, (2) to identify factors associated with child labor, and (3) to determine whether social protection programs have an association with the prevalence of child labor in the country. Using a cross-sectional study with data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey 2010, a working child was defined as a child who worked during the week prior to the survey in an activity other than household chores. Through descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate regressions, it was found that child labor was associated with gender (boys were more likely to work), older age, ethnicity (children from indigenous communities were more likely to be workers), school dropout, disability (children with disabilities were less likely to be working), subsidized health social security system membership, and lower number of years of mother's schooling. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that children beneficiaries of the subsidy Familias en Acción were less likely to be working and that social protection programs were more effective to reduce child labor when targeting the lowest wealth quintiles of the Colombian population.

Extradural implantation of sacral anterior root stimulator in spinal cord injury patients.

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of extradural sacral anterior root stimulation (SARS) implantation in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted between 2009 and 2013, on consecutive patients with NDO associated with SCI that underwent SARS implantation. We evaluated those factors related to clinical symptoms such as urinary infection rate, erections, and episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. Data from cystometric bladder capacity (CBC) and post-void residual (PVR) volume were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 104 patients included in the study, 95 (91%) patients were men with a mean (standard deviation) (SD) age of 38 (10) years. Mean (SD) time between the onset of SCI and the SARS was 78.2 (59.0) months. At baseline, 95 (91%) patients had urinary infections as compared with 16 (15%) after treatment, P < 0.001. The percentage of patients that had urinary incontinence was significantly higher at baseline than that observed after SARS, 100% versus 14%, respectively, P < 0.001. Similar results were obtained regarding dysreflexia, P < 0.001. After SARS, the mean (SD) bladder capacity was 362 (108) ml and 98 (94%) patients had a bladder capacity greater than 400 ml. As regard to the adverse effects, six patients (6%) required a suburethral mesh implant and two (2%) patients had an infection, 4 and 5 months after SARS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Extradural implantation of SARS seems to be an effective and safe procedure in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:970-974, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Association of rule of law and health outcomes: an ecological study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the rule of law is a foundational determinant of health that underlies other socioeconomic, political and cultural factors that have been associated with health outcomes. SETTING: Global project. PARTICIPANTS: Data set of 96 countries, comprising 91% of the global population. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The following health indicators, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, life expectancy, and cardiovascular disease and diabetes mortality rate, were included to explore their association with the rule of law. We used a novel Rule of Law Index, gathered from survey sources, in a cross-sectional and ecological design. The Index is based on eight subindices: (1) Constraints on Government Powers; (2) Absence of Corruption; (3) Order and Security; (4) Fundamental Rights; (5) Open Government; (6) Regulatory Enforcement, (7) Civil Justice; and (8) Criminal Justice. RESULTS: The rule of law showed an independent association with infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, life expectancy, and cardiovascular disease and diabetes mortality rate, after adjusting for the countries' level of per capita income, their expenditures in health, their level of political and civil freedom, their Gini measure of inequality and women's status (p<0.05). Rule of law remained significant in all the multivariate models, and the following adjustment for potential confounders remained robust for at least one or more of the health outcomes across all eight subindices of the rule of law. Findings show that the higher the country's level of adherence to the rule of law, the better the health of the population. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to start considering the country's adherence to the rule of law as a foundational determinant of health. Health advocates should consider the improvement of rule of law as a tool to improve population health. Conversely, lack of progress in rule of law may constitute a structural barrier to health improvement.

La familia como factor predictor de la intimidación escolar en Antioquia (Colombia) / The family as a predictor of bullying in Antioquia (Colombia)

Objetivo: Se realizó una investigación que buscaba determinar la prevalencia de la intimidación escolar en Antioquia y la relación de la función familiar en la aparición de este fenómeno. Diseño del estudio: Estudio transversal comparativo. Participantes: La población de estudio fueron todos los estudiantes matriculados en los grados de 5° a 9° de las instituciones educativas del Departamento de Antioquia durante el año 2013. Para la selección de la muestra final se realizó un muestreo polietápico, para una muestra final total de 3.222 estudiantes. Mediciones principales: Se evaluó la funcionalidad familiar mediante el instrumento APGAR familiar y la prevalencia de la Intimidación escolar a través del cuestionario CIE A abreviado, conformado por tres categorías de evaluación: victimización por intimidación, sintomatología asociada a la Intimidación escolar como ansiedad, depresión, estrés postraumático y también efectos sobre autoestima y, finalmente, el tercer componente, intimidación por respondientes, el cual explora variables sobre formas de violencia por parte de las personas que realizan acciones de intimidación escolar a otros pares. Resultados: El 46 % de los escolares con riesgo alto de bullying, el 43 % con riesgo medio y el 25 % con riesgo bajo, tienen disfunción familiar moderada a grave. A su vez, la disfunción familiar grave está fuertemente asociada con el riesgo de intimidación escolar en los escolares de Antioquia, denotando con ello que los escolares expuestos a disfunción familiar tienen menos estrategias para relacionarse, sin utilizar la agresión. Conclusiones: Las relaciones estrechas entre los miembros de la familia se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas con las estrategias de vinculación, que permiten afrontar situaciones conflictivas en diversos escenarios, entre ellos el de mayor demanda en la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes, como lo es el escolar. Por tanto, con el acompañamiento decidido de la familia, podría pensarse que los niños y adolescentes resuelvan las situaciones de agresión escolar con estrategias diferentes al bullying (AU)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bullying in Antioquia and the relationship of the family role in the development of this phenomenon. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Students enrolled in grades 5th to 9th of educational institutions in the Department of Antioquia in 2013. The final sample was made through a multistage sampling with a total of 3222 students. Main Measures: The family functioning was assessed using the familiar APGAR instrument, and the prevalence of school bullying through the questionnaire CIE A (abbreviated) that consists of three assessment categories: victimization, symptoms associated with school bullying as: anxiety, depression, PTSD and self-esteem, and finally, Intimidation, which explores variables on forms of violence by people performing bullying actions to other pairs . Results: 46% of the students with high risk of bullying, 43% of students with medium risk, and 25% of students with low risk have moderate to severe family dysfunction. At the same time, severe family dysfunction is strongly associated with the risk of bullying at school, meaning that children exposed to family dysfunction have fewer strategies to interact without using aggression. Conclusions: The close relationships between family members are closely related to linking strategies that allow addressing conflicts in different contexts, including the school as the most important in the daily lives of adolescents. Therefore, with the strong support of the family, children and adolescents resolve situations of aggression with strategies different than bullying (AU)

Contextual predictive factors of child sexual abuse: the role of parent-child interaction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of child sexual abuse in the Colombian coasts, as well as to assess the role of parent-child interactions on its occurrence and to identify factors from different environmental levels that predict it. METHODS: This cross-sectional study explores the results of 1,089 household interviews responded by mothers. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted, with child sexual abuse regressed on parent-child interactions, children's characteristics, maternal characteristics, family characteristics, and community characteristics. RESULTS: 1.2% of the mothers reported that their children had been sexually abused. Families that communicated with their children were less likely to report child sexual abuse, each additional standard deviation of communication reduced child sexual abuse 3.5 times. Affection and negative treatment to the children were not associated with child sexual abuse. Families who experienced intimate partner violence and violent communities were more likely to experience child sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions are needed to address the problem of child sexual abuse.

Workplace abuse and economic exploitation of children working in the streets of Latin American cities.

This study presents the prevalence of, and factors associated with workplace abuse and economic exploitation among 584 children ages 5 to 17 working in the streets of the Latin American cities of Bogotá, Lima, Quito, and São Paulo. Each additional 10 hours/week of children's work in the streets increased workplace abuse prevalence by 8% (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01-1.19). Suffering an occupational injury was associated with abuse (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.13-2.57). Participation in begging was associated with an almost five-fold increase in economic exploitation (OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.96-12.48). Children residing with their mothers were 2.6 times more likely to experience economic exploitation (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.58-4.33), reflecting our definition of economic exploitation in which a child's income is confiscated by parents, even if used for basic family needs. Increased health care coverage and conditional cash transfer programs are recommended to improve the situation.

[Street child work in Latin American capitals]. / Trabajo infantil ambulante en las capitales latinoamericanas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the age, sex, mobility, education, work activity, working hours, street dwelling, and social security coverage in a group of children working in the streets in capital cities in Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study. A questionnaire was applied to 972 children working in the streets of Bogotá, Guatemala City, Mexico City, Quito and San Salvador. RESULTS: A total of 63.3% subjects were boys; 39% were children from displaced families; 18% lived in the streets; 62% worked more than 40 hours per week; 19% were covered by the social security system, and 32% were street vendors. The behavior of variables differed significantly by city. CONCLUSION: Child labor in the streets is a dangerous activity characterized by long working hours and exposure to risk factors. Child work has different characteristics in each of the cities studied, which suggests that the solution to the problem must be designed on a case by case basis.

Relación entre depresión y atención en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve / Relationship between depression and attention in patients with mild craneoencephalic trauma

El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo correlacional, era explorar la relación que existe entre la depresión y la atención en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve (TCEL). Se aplicaron las ediciones en castellano del Test de Colores y Palabras de Stroop y del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II a una muestra de 64 participantes hispanoparlantes entre 19 y 61 años, del Neurobehavioral Institute of Miami que asistieron entre junio 2003 y junio 2004, y a familiares. Se aplicaron pruebas t, chi cuadrado y correlación de Pearson de la estadística descriptiva. Se encontró que en los controles saludables no hay una relación significativa entre depresión y atención, mientras que en los pacientes con TCEL se identificó una relación en la condición color-palabra.

Trabajo infantil ambulante en las capitales latinoamericanas / Street child work in Latin American capitals

OBJETIVO: Conocer edad, sexo, desplazamiento, escolaridad, actividad desarrollada, jornada laboral, vivienda en calle y cobertura de seguridad social de un grupo de niños que laboran en las calles de las capitales latinoamericanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 972 niños que trabajan en las calles de Bogotá, Ciudad de Guatemala, Ciudad de México, Quito y San Salvador; RESULTADOS: El 63.3 por ciento era de sexo masculino; 39 por ciento provenía de familias desplazadas; 18 por ciento habitaba en la calle; 62 por ciento trabajaba más de 40 horas a la semana; 19 por ciento tenía seguridad social, y 32 por ciento se dedicaba al comercio ambulante. Se encontró que la mayoría de las variables se comportan de forma significativamente diferente para cada ciudad. CONCLUSION: El trabajo infantil ambulante es una actividad peligrosa, de largas jornadas laborales, con exposición a múltiples factores de riesgo, y se comporta de manera significativamente diferente en cada ciudad estudiada. Esto sugiere que las soluciones al problema deben diseñarse caso por caso.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the age, sex, mobility, education, work activity, working hours, street dwelling, and social security coverage in a group of children working in the streets in capital cities in Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study. A questionnaire was applied to 972 children working in the streets of Bogotá, Guatemala City, Mexico City, Quito and San Salvador. RESULTS: A total of 63.3 percent subjects were boys; 39 percent were children from displaced families; 18 percent lived in the streets; 62 percent worked more than 40 hours per week; 19 percent were covered by the social security system, and 32 percent were street vendors. The behavior of variables differed significantly by city. CONCLUSION: Child labor in the streets is a dangerous activity characterized by long working hours and exposure to risk factors. Child work has different characteristics in each of the cities studied, which suggests that the solution to the problem must be designed on a case by case basis.

Detección de trastornos del hábito del comer en una población estudiantil de la V región / Detection of eating behavior disorders in a school population of V region

Los jóvenes adolescentes en edad escolar han sido consideradas como una población de alto riesgo para desarrollar eventualmente un trastorno del hábito del comer, sea éste anoréctico y/o bulímico. A 570 estudiantes de sexo femenino de III y IV año de enseñanza media de la V Región y a 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de desorden alimentario, se les administró el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT40), resultando un subgrupo denominado potencialmente patológico (n: 103), que representó el 18,1 por ciento de la muestra estudiantil y que obtuvo puntajes en el rango patológico del EAT40. Del análisis factorial del EAT40 emergió una útil subescala abreviada: el EAT22. Se comparan los hallazgos más relevantes entre los grupos, confrontándolos con la literatura especializada y se sugieren medidas preventivas apropiadas