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1.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 74(6): 737-46, 2001 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11722954

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The results of previous studies suggest that de novo lipogenesis may play an important role in the etiology of obesity, particularly during overconsumption of different carbohydrates. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that de novo lipogenesis would increase during overfeeding, would vary depending on the type of carbohydrate consumed, and would be greater in obese than in lean women. DESIGN: De novo lipogenesis was measured during 96 h of overfeeding by 50% with either sucrose or glucose and during an energy balance treatment (control) in 8 lean and 5 obese women. De novo lipogenesis was determined by measuring the amount of deuterium incorporation into plasma triacylglycerols. Fat and carbohydrate balance were measured simultaneously by continuous whole-body calorimetry. RESULTS: De novo lipogenesis did not differ significantly between lean and obese subjects, except with the control treatment, for which de novo lipogenesis was greater in the obese subjects. De novo lipogenesis was 2- to 3-fold higher after overfeeding by 50% than after the control treatment in all subjects. The type of carbohydrate overfeeding (sucrose or glucose) had no significant effect on de novo lipogenesis in either subject group. Estimated amounts of absolute VLDL production ranged from a minimum of 2 g/d (control) to a maximum of 10 g/d after overfeeding. This compares with a mean fat balance of approximately 275 g after 96 h of overfeeding. Individual subjects showed characteristic amounts of de novo lipogenesis, suggesting constitutive (possibly genetic) differences. CONCLUSION: De novo lipogenesis increases after overfeeding with glucose and sucrose to the same extent in lean and obese women but does not contribute greatly to total fat balance.


Subject(s)
Energy Metabolism/physiology , Glucose/administration & dosage , Lipids/biosynthesis , Obesity/etiology , Sucrose/administration & dosage , Body Composition , Calorimetry, Indirect , Deuterium , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Energy Intake , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Lipids/pharmacokinetics , Middle Aged , Obesity/metabolism , Regression Analysis , Sucrose/metabolism , Triglycerides/biosynthesis , Triglycerides/pharmacokinetics
2.
J S C Med Assoc ; 86(2): 85-7, 1990 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1968524

ABSTRACT

Collagenous colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrheal syndromes. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy in such patients should include biopsy of the mucosa proximal to the rectum, even though the mucosa appears grossly normal. Some patients have associated autoimmune disease, but the etiology of collagenous colitis is unclear. Microscopic colitis has been observed to precede collagenous colitis in some patients. Treatment with antimotility agents, sulfasalazine, oral 5-ASA compounds or corticosteroids may be effective in reducing symptoms.


Subject(s)
Colitis/complications , Collagen/physiology , Diarrhea/etiology , Aged , Chronic Disease , Colitis/drug therapy , Colitis/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Sulfasalazine/therapeutic use
3.
Med Toxicol ; 1(6): 449-57, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3540521

ABSTRACT

This is a review of the 127 cases of drug-induced oesophagitis reported in the English language literature since 1970. The most common symptoms reported were retrosternal pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia. Most cases were self-limited and symptoms resolved in 7 to 10 days with symptomatic therapy. Occasionally, severe odynophagia or dysphagia necessitated hospitalisation. Emepronium bromide, tetracycline and its derivatives, potassium chloride, and quinidine account for 89% of the reported cases of medication-induced oesophageal injury. 14 other medications have been reported to injure the oesophagus. Serious sequelae, including death, have been linked to potassium-induced oesophageal injury. With other medications, however, serious complications were rare. The diagnostic study of choice is endoscopy; an air-contrast barium swallow may also detect the often subtle mucosal abnormalities produced by medication injury. However, the diagnosis does not require confirmation by radiographical or endoscopic means in all cases, and the history alone may be sufficient to make the diagnosis in uncomplicated cases. Medication-induced oesophageal injury is preventable if pills are taken with an adequate amount of fluid and if the practice of taking medications immediately before bedtime is avoided.


Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Esophagitis/chemically induced , Humans
4.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 81(10): 993-4, 1986 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3020975

ABSTRACT

A large hamartomatous polyp of the Peutz-Jegher type was discovered in the distal duodenum by endoscopy in a patient with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no other polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and the patient lacked any stigmata associated with the familial polyposis syndromes. This is the second well-documented case of an isolated hamartomatous polyp of the Peutz-Jegher type in the small intestine occurring in the absence of familial polyposis.


Subject(s)
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/diagnosis , Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology , Duodenum/pathology , Polyps/pathology , Adult , Humans , Male , Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/pathology
5.
South Med J ; 79(7): 894-6, 1986 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3726589

ABSTRACT

Diffuse interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis occurred after the use of vindesine and radiation therapy in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Clinical improvement occurred after the drug was discontinued and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. Review of the literature reveals no previously reported cases of pulmonary toxicity due to vindesine when used alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Vindesine/adverse effects , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
6.
Prostaglandins Med ; 4(6): 439-47, 1980 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6774354

ABSTRACT

Since aspirin inhibits the platelet as well as vascular prostaglandin synthesis it may therefore, paradoxically induce a thrombotic tendency when used as an antithrombotic agent. The in vivo effect of therapeutic doses of aspirin on the prostaglandin synthetic capacity of the rat platelets and vascular tissue was therefore studied to determine the significance of this paradoxical aspirin effect. A single aspirin dose of 5 mg/kg or greater was found to significantly decrease the synthesis of prostaglandin E by rat platelets. Even the normal augmentation of PGE synthesis by N-ethyl maleimide was significantly reduced by this single aspirin dose. In contrast, doses as high as 20 mg/kg of aspirin failed to reduce the production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha by aortic slices from rats pretreated with aspirin. These results indicate that the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (CO) system in the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway within blood vessel walls has the capacity to recover from this inhibitory effect of aspirin or it is less susceptible to inhibition than the CO in platelets. This relative resistance of CO to the inhibitory effects of aspirin may serve to protect the organism from excessive thrombotic tendencies brought about by the effect of aspirin on the vascular prostaglandin generating system. These results indicate that an aspirin dose of 5-10 mg/kg would be optimal if aspirin were to be used as an antithrombotic agent.


Subject(s)
Aspirin/pharmacology , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Prostaglandins E/biosynthesis , Prostaglandins/biosynthesis , 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha , Animals , Aorta/drug effects , Aorta/enzymology , Ethylmaleimide/pharmacology , Male , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism , Prostaglandins F/metabolism , Rats
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