ABSTRACT
A 67-year-old male who underwent right radical nephrectomy 15 years prior to current diagnosis for pT2bN0M0 ccRCC presented with an isolated purulent ulcer on left foot. Data was collected from records, radiological scans and histological reviews. The non-healing ulcer did not respond to antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement. Biopsy and histology confirmed a ccRCC metastasis. Late cutaneous ulcer is an aggressive and rare presentation of ccRCC metastasis. Awareness of a non-healing skin ulcer on a background history of ccRCC is important in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Literature review on the home-based options for the conservative management of stress urinary incontinence including biofeedback and weighted vaginal cones.. METHODS: Research was conducted in the Cochrane Library and Pubmed to find articles, published until March 2020, dealing with the conservative management of incontinence. RESULTS: A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were included, 4 concerning biofeedback and 5 concerning vaginal cones. Most of them highlighted the superiority of these three methods compared to the absence of treatment but were not superior compared to the pelvic floor muscles training in the clinic setting. CONCLUSION: Home-based devices for female stress urinary incontinence is a safe and effective treatment for female urinary incontinence. It has not shown superiority to physiotherapist-guided pelvic floor muscle reinforcement and needs more evidence to gain its place as a first line therapeutic option.
