Correction: Improving time-resolution and sensitivity of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a powder catalyst by modulated excitation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3SC01274C.].

Improving time-resolution and sensitivity of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a powder catalyst by modulated excitation.

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a powerful tool to characterize the surface structure of heterogeneous catalysts in situ. In order to improve the time resolution and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of photoemission spectra, we collected consecutive APXP spectra during the periodic perturbation of a powder Pd/Al2O3 catalyst away from its equilibrium state according to the modulated excitation approach (ME). Averaging of the spectra along the alternate pulses of O2 and CO improved the S/N ratio demonstrating that the time resolution of the measurement can be limited solely to the acquisition time of one spectrum. Through phase sensitive analysis of the averaged time-resolved spectra, the formation/consumption dynamics of three oxidic species, two metal species, adsorbed CO on Pd0 as well as Pdn+ (n > 2) was followed along the gas switches. Pdn+ and 2-fold surface PdO species were recognised as most reactive to the gas switches. Our approach demonstrates that phase sensitive detection of time-resolved XPS data allows following the dynamics of reactive species at the solid-gas interface under different reaction environments with unprecedented precision.

[Management of right ventricular failure in pulmonary vascular diseases]. / Prise en charge de l'insuffisance ventriculaire droite aiguë compliquant les maladies vasculaires pulmonaires.

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a common cause of admission to the intensive care unit and its presence is a major prognostic factor in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). RVF results from an incapacity of the RV to adapt to an increase in afterload so it can become critical in acute PE and chronic PH. The presence of RVF in cases of acute PE with haemodynamic instability is an indication for thrombolytic therapy. RVF represents the most common cause of death in chronic PH. Factors triggering RV failure in PH, such as infection, PE, arrhythmias, or unplanned withdrawal of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapy, have to be considered and treated if identified. However, RVF may also represent progression to end-stage disease. The management of RVF in patients with PH requires expertise and consists of optimization of fluid balance (with diuretics), cardiac output (with inotropic support such as dobutamine), perfusion pressure (with norepinephrine), and reduction of RV afterload with PAH-targeted therapies. Extracorporeal life support, lung transplantation or heart-lung transplantation should be considered in cases of refractory RVF in eligible patients.

[Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]. / La maladie veino-occlusive pulmonaire.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by preferential remodelling of pulmonary venules and angioproliferation. PVOD term includes idiopathic, heritable (biallelic mutations of EIF2AK4 gene), drugs and toxins induced (alkylating agents, organic solvents) and connectivite-associated forms (especially systemic-sclerosis associated form). PVOD and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) share a similar clinical presentation. Lung biopsy is contraindicated in PVOD due to high risk of life-threatening bleeding. A noninvasive diagnostic approach, including oxygen parameters, low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and characteristic signs on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest, is used to support a diagnosis of PVOD. PVOD prognosis is worse than other forms of PAH. There is no evidence-based medical therapy for PVOD and life-threatening pulmonary edema may occur following PAH targeted therapy in PVOD. Lung transplantation remains the preferred definitive therapy for eligible patients.