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1.
Cell Biochem Funct ; 30(6): 457-63, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22374808

ABSTRACT

This research is aimed at evaluating the effect of rice grains submitted to different processing (white or parboiling) on performance and biological responses in rat. Male Wistar rats were fed with diets containing white or parboiled rice grains of the cultivar IRGA 417. Wet and dry faecal production, fasting serum glucose concentration, serum total protein and organs' weights as liver, kidney and epididymal fat pads were not affected by processing. The animals in the treatment with parboiled rice showed higher body weight gain, feed intake, nitrogen excretion, serum triglycerides, uric acid levels and pancreas weight and lower feed conversion, faecal pH, albumin and serum HDL cholesterol, when compared with the treatment with white rice. The results obtained in this work allow the conclusion that structural change of rice components caused by parboiling results in variations in different essential body metabolic parameters, such as body weight gain, gastrointestinal function and glycaemic control.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Cooking , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Oryza/chemistry , Oryza/metabolism , Weight Gain/physiology , Animal Feed , Animals , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Diet , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Nitrogen/metabolism , Organ Size , Pancreas/pathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Triglycerides/blood , Uric Acid/blood
2.
Behav Brain Res ; 226(2): 504-10, 2012 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22004982

ABSTRACT

The influence of trans fatty acids (FA) on development of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) and locomotor activity was evaluated. Rats were fed with diets enriched with 20% soybean oil (SO; n-6 FA), lard (L; saturated FA) or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF; trans FA) for 60 weeks. In the last 12 weeks each group was subdivided into sedentary and exercised (swimming). Brains of HVF and L-fed rats incorporated 0.33% and 0.20% of trans FA, respectively, while SO-fed group showed no incorporation of trans FA. HVF increased OD, while exercise exacerbated this in L and HVF-fed rats. HVF and L reduced locomotor activity, and exercise did not modify. Striatal catalase activity was reduced by L and HVF, but exercise increased its activity in the HVF-fed group. Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity was not modified by dietary FA, however it was increased by exercise in striatum of SO and L-fed rats. We hypothesized that movement disorders elicited by HVF and less by L could be related to increased dopamine levels in striatum, which have been related to chronic trans FA intake. Exercise increased OD possibly by increase of brain dopamine levels, which generates pro-oxidant metabolites. Thus, a long-term intake of trans FA caused a small but significant brain incorporation of trans FA, which favored development of movement disorders. Exercise worsened behavioral outcomes of HVF and L-fed rats and increased Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity of L and SO-fed rats, indicating its benefits. HVF blunted beneficial effects of exercise, indicating a critical role of trans FA in brain neurochemistry.


Subject(s)
Catalase/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/enzymology , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/metabolism , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism , Trans Fatty Acids/adverse effects , Animals , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Trans Fatty Acids/metabolism
3.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm ; 38(7): 792-9, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22066462

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Development of a hydrogel containing rutin at 0.025% (w/w) and evaluation of its in vivo efficacy in cutaneous wound healing in rats. METHODS: Hydrogels were prepared using Carbopol Ultrez® 10 NF and an aqueous dispersion of rutin in polysorbate 80. Hydrogels were characterized by means of pH measurement, rheological and spreadability analysis and rutin content determination by liquid chromatography. The in vivo healing effect was evaluated through the regression of skin lesions in rats and by analysis of oxidative stress. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Hydrogels showed adequate pH values (5.50-6.50) and pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior. After 5 days of treatment of wounds, hydrogels containing rutin presented a higher decrease in the wound area compared to the control hydrogels. Analysis of the oxidative stress showed a decrease in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content as well as an increase in catalase activity after the treatment with the hydrogel containing rutin. Furthermore, this treatment increased total protein levels. CONCLUSION: This study shows for the first time the feasibility of using dermatological formulations containing rutin to improve skin wound healing.


Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Polysorbates/chemistry , Rutin/administration & dosage , Wound Healing/drug effects , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Feasibility Studies , Hydrogels , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Protein Carbonylation/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rheology , Rutin/pharmacology
4.
Neuroscience ; 195: 80-8, 2011 Nov 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21893165

ABSTRACT

Here we evaluated the influence of physical exercise on behavior parameters and enzymatic status of rats supplemented with different dietary fatty acids (FA). Male Wistar rats fed diets enriched with soybean oil (SO), lard (L), or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) for 48 weeks were submitted to swimming (30 min/d, five times per week) for 90 days. Dietary FA per se did not cause anxiety-like symptoms in the animals, but after physical exercise, SO group showed a better behavioral performance than L and the HVF groups in elevated plus maze (EPM). In Barnes maze, HVF group showed impaired memory acquisition as compared to L group, and exercise reversed this effect. SO-fed rats showed an improvement in memory acquisition after 1 day of training, whereas lard caused an improvement of memory only from day 4. HVF-fed rats showed no improvement of memory acquisition, but this effect was reversed by exercise in all training days. A lower activity of the Na(+)K(+)-ATPase in brain cortex of rats fed lard and HVF was observed, and this effect was maintained after exercise. Similarly, the HVF diet was related to lower activity of hippocampal Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and exercise reduced activity of this enzyme in the SO and L groups. Our findings show influences of dietary FA on memory acquisition, whereas regular exercise improved this function and was beneficial on anxiety-like symptoms. As FA are present in neuronal membrane phospholipids and play a critical role in brain function, our results suggest that low incorporation of trans FA in neuronal membranes may act on cortical and hippocampal Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity, but this change appears to be unrelated to the behavioral parameters primarily harmed by consumption of trans and less so by saturated FA, which were reversed by exercise.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Memory/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Animals , Anxiety/metabolism , Male , Maze Learning/physiology , Plant Oils/adverse effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism , Soybean Oil/adverse effects
5.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 74(6): 1770-8, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21531023

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the role of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shells aqueous extract (AE) against oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) and behavioral parameters of smoking withdrawal. Mice were passively exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 weeks (6, 10, and 14 cigarettes/day) and orally treated with AE (25 g/L). CSE induced lipid peroxidation in brain and red blood cells (RBC), increased catalase (CAT) activity in RBC, and decreased plasma ascorbic acid levels. AE prevented oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defenses of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. In addition, AE reduced the locomotor activity and anxiety symptoms induced by smoking withdrawal, and these behavioral parameters showed a positive correlation with RBC lipid peroxidation. Our results showed the beneficial effects of this by-product of the pecan industry, indicating its usefulness in smoking cessation.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Anxiety/chemically induced , Carya , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Catalase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Mice , Nuts
6.
Neuropharmacology ; 60(2-3): 432-8, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21035474

ABSTRACT

Here we evaluate the influence of a new exercise protocol on movement disorders induced by neuroleptic drugs. In this animal model, involuntary movements are closely related to neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress (OS) that can be caused by pre-synaptic D2 receptor blockade increasing dopamine (DA) metabolism. The increase in vacuous chewing movements (VCM) and the reduced locomotor activity induced by haloperidol treatment (12 mg/kg-im, once a week for 4 weeks) was prevented by exercise, 5 times per week, which was initiated four weeks before the first haloperidol administration. Exercise training also prevented the increase of haloperidol-induced lipid peroxidation in the cortex and subcortical region and recovered the catalase activity in the subcortical region. There was a negative correlation between catalase activity in the subcortical region and the VCM frequency (r = 0.50, p < 0.05), as well as a positive correlation between VCM frequency and lipid peroxidation in the cortex (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) and subcortical region (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Both haloperidol and exercise increased DA uptake in the striatum, while the co-treatment (exercise plus haloperidol) reduced it. The striatal DA uptake correlated negatively with catalase activity (r = 0.51, p < 0.05), indicating a relationship between oxidative damage and the function of the transporter in the striatum. Our findings show that physical exercise can modulate dopamine uptake, especially when it is altered, and reveal the benefit of this new exercise protocol in the prevention of movement disorders related to oxidative damage.


Subject(s)
Haloperidol/toxicity , Motor Activity/physiology , Movement Disorders/metabolism , Movement Disorders/therapy , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Animals , Dopamine/metabolism , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar
7.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol ; 29(3): 185-97, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21303326

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of rats. Rats were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. Rats treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in all structures. Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in the heart and decreased in liver and kidney. Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic vitamin C (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the GSH depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. CAT activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced bladder injury. These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ toxicity.


Subject(s)
Carya , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Catalase/metabolism , Glutathione/analysis , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Phytotherapy , Rats , Rats, Wistar
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