ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of hormones used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on normal and malignant breast cell growth and proliferation. DESIGN: In vitro study of cultured normal and malignant breast cell lines. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT(S): None. INTERVENTION(S): Normal and malignant breast cell lines cultured in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) systems and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), or FSH with LH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Effects of treatment on cell proliferation in 2D culture using the MTS assay and on colony growth in 3D culture. RESULT(S): Compared with untreated cells, normal MCF-10A cells showed a decrease in proliferation and colony size when exposed to a combination of FSH and hCG. The HCC 1937 cells treated with FSH and LH also showed a decrease in colony growth but no change in proliferation. None of the treatments had an effect on the proliferation or colony size of the MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION(S): Follicle-stimulating hormone, LH, and hCG do not appear to cause an increase in cell proliferation or colony growth in either normal or malignant mammary epithelial cell lines. The potential risk for mammary cell transformation associated with these agents may be related to indirect endocrine effects on breast cell physiology.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Fertility Agents, Female/pharmacology , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology , Luteinizing Hormone/pharmacology , Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects , Ovulation Induction , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Line, Tumor , Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Female , Fertility Agents, Female/adverse effects , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/toxicity , Humans , Luteinizing Hormone/toxicity , Mammary Glands, Human/pathology , Ovulation Induction/adverse effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Isolated tubal torsion associated with hydrosalpinx is a rare pathology. Our goal was to analyze the clinical and imaging features and discuss the different treatment options available. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the cases of adnexal torsion treated in our department of pediatric surgery over a 10-year period. We searched 2 electronic databases (Medline and Sciencedirect) and targeted reports published during the same period using the key words tubal torsion and hydrosalpinx. RESULTS: A total of 13 cases, 6 from our hospital and 7 in the medical literature, were identified and analyzed. In 9 (69%) of 13 cases (n = 9/13), torsion and hydrosalpinx occurred on the left fallopian tube. Salpingectomy was performed in 11 of the patients. The resected tubes showed the persistence of ciliated cells associated with signs of moderate ischemic infarction in 50% (n = 3/6) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated tubal torsion associated with hydrosalpinx is too often misdiagnosed and treated by salpingectomy regardless of the negative impact on the future reproductive potential of our young patients. As is commonly advocated for ovarian salvage in adnexal torsions, tubal conservation should be favored when possible.
