ABSTRACT
Congenital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular disease, which may occur anywhere in the body. The forearm is a very rare location. Clinical manifestations are not very specific and can vary from an asymptomatic fistula to a life-threatening congestive heart failure. Although embolization can be an alternative treatment for AVF of the forearm, surgery is still considered as the standard treatment. Herein, we report the case of a 7-year-old boy with a congenital AVF between the radial artery and the superficial cephalic vein in the forearm without any dysmorphic features treated surgically.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report on the methodology, participant characteristics, and associations of four most frequent environmental barriers with health conditions, general health and quality of life (QoL) in the very first systematic data collection in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained data from 385 participants of the cross-sectional Moroccan SCI community survey (MorSCI). We used descriptive statistics to describe participant characteristics and regression models to investigate associations of the five most frequently reported environmental barriers with health conditions (secondary conditions, pain intensity, mental health), general health and QoL. RESULTS: The most frequently reported environmental barriers were "lack of public services" (92.5%), "financial strain" (93.0%), restricted access to "public transportation" (85.5%), "public places" (83.9%) and "private places" (84.7%). People who perceived those factors as barriers also reported more secondary conditions, higher pain intensity, lower mental health, lower general health, and lower QoL. CONCLUSIONS: This study on Moroccans with SCI found that environmental barriers detract from health and QoL. Given that environmental barriers are potentially modifiable, policy interventions present powerful tools to reduce barriers and potentially increase health and QoL in this vulnerable population.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPublic policy on the construction of transportation and public places is important to make the physical environment accessible for wheelchair users to support their participation in society.The provision of adequate rehabilitation services and specialized post-acute rehabilitation units for people with SCI in Morocco is urgently needed, not only to contribute to health and QoL but also to contribute to their abilities to overcome environmental barriers.Adequate state services including universal health coverage and access to rehabilitation services and assistive devices or adapted tools must be a priority on the policy level to facilitate activities of daily living and reduce barriers.Improving the skills and knowledge of health professionals in SCI rehabilitation and guide policy makers to promote patient education and self-advocacy in the meantime, may help reduce the gap between needs of people with SCI and available support.
