Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 14 de 14
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(5)2021 05 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34070210

ABSTRACT

Root-knot nematodes (genus Meloidogyne) are the major contributor to crop losses caused by nematodes. These nematodes secrete effector proteins into the plant, derived from two sets of pharyngeal gland cells, to manipulate host physiology and immunity. Successful completion of the life cycle, involving successive molts from egg to adult, covers morphologically and functionally distinct stages and will require precise control of gene expression, including effector genes. The details of how root-knot nematodes regulate transcription remain sparse. Here, we report a life stage-specific transcriptome of Meloidogyne incognita. Combined with an available annotated genome, we explore the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. We reveal gene expression clusters and predicted functions that accompany the major developmental transitions. Focusing on effectors, we identify a putative cis-regulatory motif associated with expression in the dorsal glands, providing an insight into effector regulation. We combine the presence of this motif with several other criteria to predict a novel set of putative dorsal gland effectors. Finally, we show this motif, and thereby its utility, is broadly conserved across the Meloidogyne genus, and we name it Mel-DOG. Taken together, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression in a root-knot nematode and identify a new set of candidate effector genes that will guide future functional analyses.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression/genetics , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plant Roots/parasitology , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Tylenchoidea/genetics , Animals , Life Cycle Stages/genetics , Secernentea Infections/parasitology , Transcription, Genetic/genetics , Transcriptome/genetics
2.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 6991, 2020 04 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32332904

ABSTRACT

Meloidogyne incognita is a plant-parasitic root-knot nematode (RKN, PPN) responsible for causing damage to several crops worldwide. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the DAF-16 and SKN-1 transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate aging, longevity, and defense responses to several stresses. Here, we report that MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1, which are orthologous to DAF-16 and SKN-1 in C. elegans, and some of their targets, are modulated in M. incognita J2 during oxidative stress or plant parasitism. We used RNAi technology for the stable production of siRNAs in planta to downregulate the MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1 genes of M. incognita during host plant parasitism. Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a hairpin-derived dsRNA targeting these genes individually (single-gene silencing) or simultaneously (double-gene silencing) were generated. T2 plants were challenged with M. incognita and the number of eggs, galls, and J2, and the nematode reproduction factor (NRF) were evaluated. Our data indicate that MiDaf16-like1, MiSkn1-like1 and some genes from their networks are modulated in M. incognita J2 during oxidative stress or plant parasitism. Transgenic A. thaliana and N. tabacum plants with single- or double-gene silencing showed significant reductions in the numbers of eggs, J2, and galls, and in NRF. Additionally, the double-gene silencing plants had the highest resistance level. Gene expression assays confirmed the downregulation of the MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1 TFs and defense genes in their networks during nematode parasitism in the transgenic plants. All these findings demonstrate that these two TFs are potential targets for the development of biotechnological tools for nematode control and management in economically important crops.


Subject(s)
Biotechnology/methods , Tylenchoidea/metabolism , Tylenchoidea/pathogenicity , Animals , Arabidopsis/parasitology , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plants, Genetically Modified/parasitology , RNA Interference/physiology , RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics , Nicotiana/parasitology
3.
Environ Microbiol ; 22(5): 1901-1916, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32147875

ABSTRACT

Aurantiochytrium limacinum (Thraustochytriaceae, class Labyrinthulomycetes) is a marine Stramenopile and a pioneering mangrove decomposer. Its life cycle involves a non-motile stage and zoospore production. We observed that the composition of the medium, the presence of amino acids in particular, affects the release of zoospores. Two opposite conditions were defined, one with a cell population mainly composed of zoospores and another one with almost only non-motile cells. In silico allelic frequency analysis and flow cytometry suggest that zoospores and non-motile cells share the same ploidy level and are diploid. Through an RNA-seq approach, the transcriptional reprogramming accompanying the formation of zoospores was investigated, with a particular focus on their lipid metabolism. Based on a differential expression analysis, zoospores are characterized by high motility, very active signal transduction, an arrest of the cell division, a low amino acid metabolism and low glycolysis. Focusing on lipid metabolism, genes involved in lipase activities and peroxisomal ß-oxidation are upregulated. qRT-PCR of selected lipid genes and lipid analyses during the life span of zoospores confirmed these observations. These results highlight the importance of the lipid dynamics in zoospores and show the metabolic processes required to use these energy-dense molecules as fuel for zoospore survival during their quest of new territories.


Subject(s)
Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Spores/growth & development , Stramenopiles/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Animals , Cell Division/genetics , Computer Simulation , Culture Media/metabolism , Diploidy , Glycolysis/genetics , Life Cycle Stages , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Lipids/analysis , Signal Transduction/genetics , Stramenopiles/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/genetics
4.
Prog Lipid Res ; 76: 101007, 2019 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31499096

ABSTRACT

Thraustochytrids are unicellular heterotrophic marine protists of the Stramenopile group, often considered as non-photosynthetic microalgae. They have been isolated from a wide range of habitats including deep sea, but are mostly present in waters rich in sediments and organic materials. They are abundant in mangrove forests where they are major colonizers, feeding on decaying leaves and initiating the mangrove food web. Discovered 80 years ago, they have recently attracted considerable attention due to their biotechnological potential. This interest arises from their fast growth, their specific lipid metabolism and the improvement of the genetic tools and transformation techniques. These organisms are particularly rich in ω3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an 'essential' fatty acid poorly encountered in land plants and animals but required for human health. To produce their DHA, thraustochytrids use a sophisticated system different from the classical fatty acid synthase system. They are also a potential source of squalene and carotenoids. Here we review our current knowledge about the life cycle, ecophysiology, and metabolism of these organisms, with a particular focus on lipid dynamics. We describe the different pathways involved in lipid and fatty acid syntheses, emphasizing their specificity, and we report on the recent efforts aimed to engineer their lipid metabolism.


Subject(s)
Lipids/chemistry , Stramenopiles/metabolism , Animals , Lipid Metabolism , Stramenopiles/chemistry
5.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 8080, 2019 05 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31147630

ABSTRACT

Drought episodes decrease plant growth and productivity, which in turn cause high economic losses. Plants naturally sense and respond to water stress by activating specific signalling pathways leading to physiological and developmental adaptations. Genetically engineering genes that belong to these pathways might improve the drought tolerance of plants. The abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element binding protein 1/ABRE binding factor (AREB1/ABF2) is a key positive regulator of the drought stress response. We investigated whether the CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system that targets AREB1 might contribute to improve drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis histone acetyltransferase 1 (AtHAT1) promotes gene expression activation by switching chromatin to a relaxed state. Stable transgenic plants expressing chimeric dCas9HAT were first generated. Then, we showed that the CRISPRa dCas9HAT mechanism increased the promoter activity controlling the ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. To activate the endogenous promoter of AREB1, the CRISPRa dCas9HAT system was set up, and resultant plants showed a dwarf phenotype. Our qRT-PCR experiments indicated that both AREB1 and RD29A, a gene positively regulated by AREB1, exhibited higher gene expression than the control plants. The plants generated here showed higher chlorophyll content and faster stomatal aperture under water deficit, in addition to a better survival rate after drought stress. Altogether, we report that CRISPRa dCas9HAT is a valuable biotechnological tool to improve drought stress tolerance through the positive regulation of AREB1.


Subject(s)
Acclimatization/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis/physiology , Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics , CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology , Transcription Factors/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics , Droughts , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology , Histone Acetyltransferases , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/metabolism
6.
Front Plant Sci ; 9: 904, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29997646

ABSTRACT

The pathogenicity of phytonematodes relies on secreted virulence factors to rewire host cellular pathways for the benefits of the nematode. In the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, thousands of predicted secreted proteins have been identified and are expected to interact with host proteins at different developmental stages of the parasite. Identifying the host targets will provide compelling evidence about the biological significance and molecular function of the predicted proteins. Here, we have focused on the hub protein CSN5, the fifth subunit of the pleiotropic and eukaryotic conserved COP9 signalosome (CSN), which is a regulatory component of the ubiquitin/proteasome system. We used affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to generate the interaction network of CSN5 in M. incognita-infected roots. We identified the complete CSN complex and other known CSN5 interaction partners in addition to unknown plant and M. incognita proteins. Among these, we described M. incognita PASSE-MURAILLE (MiPM), a small pioneer protein predicted to contain a secretory peptide that is up-regulated mostly in the J2 parasitic stage. We confirmed the CSN5-MiPM interaction, which occurs in the nucleus, by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Using MiPM as bait, a GST pull-down assay coupled with MS revealed some common protein partners between CSN5 and MiPM. We further showed by in silico and microscopic analyses that the recombinant purified MiPM protein enters the cells of Arabidopsis root tips in a non-infectious context. In further detail, the supercharged N-terminal tail of MiPM (NTT-MiPM) triggers an unknown host endocytosis pathway to penetrate the cell. The functional meaning of the CSN5-MiPM interaction in the M. incognita parasitism is discussed. Moreover, we propose that the cell-penetrating properties of some M. incognita secreted proteins might be a non-negligible mechanism for cell uptake, especially during the steps preceding the sedentary parasitic phase.

7.
Plant Cell Environ ; 41(9): 2008-2020, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29059477

ABSTRACT

Tripartite interactions between legumes and their root symbionts (rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) are poorly understood, although it is well established that only specific combinations of symbionts lead to optimal plant growth. A classic example in which to investigate such interactions is the Brazilian legume tree Piptadenia gonoacantha (Caesalpinioideae), for which efficient nodulation has been described as dependent on the presence of AMF symbiosis. In this study, we compared the nodulation behaviour of several rhizobial strains with or without AMF inoculation, and performed analyses on nodulation, nodule cytology, N-fixing efficiency, and plant growth response. Nodulation of P. gonoacantha does not rely on the presence of AMF, but mycorrhization was rhizobial strain-dependent, and nodule effectiveness and plant growth were dependent on the presence of specific combinations of rhizobial strains and AMF. The co-occurrence of both symbionts within efficient nodules and the differentiation of bacteroids within nodule cells were also demonstrated. Novel close interactions and interdependency for the establishment and/or functioning of these symbioses were also revealed in Piptadenia, thanks to immunocytochemical analyses. These data are discussed in terms of the evolutionary position of the newly circumscribed mimosoid clade within the Caesalpinioid subfamily and its relative proximity to non-nodulated (but AMF-associated) basal subfamilies.


Subject(s)
Fabaceae/physiology , Mycorrhizae/physiology , Plant Root Nodulation/physiology , Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology , Biodiversity , Phylogeny , Symbiosis , Trees/physiology
8.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol ; 93(4)2017 04 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28334155

ABSTRACT

Some species of the genus Paraburkholderia that are able to nodulate and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes are called ß-rhizobia and represent a group of ecological and biotechnological importance. We used Mimosa pudica and Phaseolus vulgaris to trap 427 rhizobial isolates from rhizospheric soil of Mimoseae trees in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Eighty-four representative strains were selected according to the 16S rRNA haplotypes and taxonomically characterized using a concatenated 16S rRNA-recA phylogeny. Most strains were assembled in the genus Paraburkholderia, including Paraburkholderia sabiae and Pa. nodosa. Mesorhizobium (α-rhizobia) and Cupriavidus (ß-rhizobia) were also isolated, but in smaller proportions. Multilocus sequence analysis and BOX-PCR analyses indicated that six clusters of Paraburkholderia represent potential new species. In the phylogenetic analysis of the nodC gene, the majority of the strains were positioned in the same groups as in the 16S rRNA-recA tree, indicative of stability and vertical inheritance, but we also identified horizontal transfer of nodC in Pa. sabiae. All α- and ß-rhizobial species were trapped by both legumes, although preferences of the host plants for specific rhizobial species have been observed.


Subject(s)
Betaproteobacteria/genetics , Forests , Genetic Variation , Mimosa/microbiology , Phaseolus/microbiology , Phylogeny , Brazil , Cupriavidus/classification , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Rhizobium/genetics , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Symbiosis
9.
Ann Bot ; 119(5): 775-789, 2017 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28087659

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Plant-parasitic nematode interactions occur within a vast molecular plant immunity network. Following initial contact with the host plant roots, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) activate basal immune responses. Defence priming involves the release in the apoplast of toxic molecules derived from reactive species or secondary metabolism. In turn, PPNs must overcome the poisonous and stressful environment at the plant-nematode interface. The ability of PPNs to escape this first line of plant immunity is crucial and will determine its virulence. SCOPE: Nematodes trigger crucial regulatory cytoprotective mechanisms, including antioxidant and detoxification pathways. Knowledge of the upstream regulatory components that contribute to both of these pathways in PPNs remains elusive. In this review, we discuss how PPNs probably orchestrate cytoprotection to resist plant immune responses, postulating that it may be derived from ancient molecular mechanisms. The review focuses on two transcription factors, DAF-16 and SKN-1 , which are conserved in the animal kingdom and are central regulators of cell homeostasis and immune function. Both regulate the unfolding protein response and the antioxidant and detoxification pathways. DAF-16 and SKN-1 target a broad spectrum of Caenorhabditis elegans genes coding for numerous protein families present in the secretome of PPNs. Moreover, some regulatory elements of DAF-16 and SKN-1 from C. elegans have already been identified as important genes for PPN infection. CONCLUSION: DAF-16 and SKN-1 genes may play a pivotal role in PPNs during parasitism. In the context of their hub status and mode of regulation, we suggest alternative strategies for control of PPNs through RNAi approaches.


Subject(s)
Helminth Proteins/genetics , Nematoda/physiology , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plant Immunity , Transcription Factors/genetics , Animals , Helminth Proteins/metabolism , Host-Parasite Interactions , Nematoda/genetics , Plants/parasitology , Transcription Factors/metabolism
10.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol ; 67(2): 432-440, 2017 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27902255

ABSTRACT

During a survey of root-nodulating symbionts of Mimosoid species in the south-east region of Brazil, eight Paraburkholderia isolates were obtained from nodules of the legume species Piptadenia gonoacantha, either from the field or following a soil trapping method with the same plant host. 16S rRNA gene as well as recA and gyrB phylogenetic markers placed these strains in two new clades within the genus Burkholderia sensu lato. DNA-DNA hybridization values and analyses of average nucleotide identities of the whole genome sequence of selected strains in each clade (STM 7183 and STM 7296) showed that the two clades represented novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia. All eight isolates were further characterized using DNA base content determination, chemotaxonomic and biochemical profiling and symbiotic properties, which allowed to distinguish the novel species from known diazotrophic species of the genus Paraburkholderia. Based on genomic and phenotypic data, the names Paraburkholderia piptadeniae sp. nov. with type strain STM 7183T (=DSM 101189T=LMG 29163T) and Paraburkholderia ribeironis sp. nov. with type strain STM 7296T (=DSM 101188T=LMG 29351T) are proposed.


Subject(s)
Burkholderia/classification , Fabaceae/microbiology , Phylogeny , Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Brazil , Burkholderia/genetics , Burkholderia/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Symbiosis
11.
PLoS One ; 8(5): e63478, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23691052

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia legume symbionts (also called α-rhizobia) are ancient in origin and are the main nitrogen-fixing symbionts of species belonging to the large genus Mimosa in Brazil. We investigated the extent of the affinity between Burkholderia and species in the tribe Mimoseae by studying symbionts of the genera Piptadenia (P.), Parapiptadenia (Pp.), Pseudopiptadenia (Ps.), Pityrocarpa (Py.), Anadenanthera (A.) and Microlobius (Mi.), all of which are native to Brazil and are phylogenetically close to Mimosa, and which together with Mimosa comprise the "Piptadenia group". We characterized 196 strains sampled from 18 species from 17 locations in Brazil using two neutral markers and two symbiotic genes in order to assess their species affiliations and the evolution of their symbiosis genes. We found that Burkholderia are common and highly diversified symbionts of species in the Piptadenia group, comprising nine Burkholderia species, of which three are new ones and one was never reported as symbiotic (B. phenoliruptrix). However, α-rhizobia were also detected and were occasionally dominant on a few species. A strong sampling site effect on the rhizobial nature of symbionts was detected, with the symbiont pattern of the same legume species changing drastically from location to location, even switching from ß to α-rhizobia. Coinoculation assays showed a strong affinity of all the Piptadenia group species towards Burkholderia genotypes, with the exception of Mi. foetidus. Phylogenetic analyses of neutral and symbiotic markers showed that symbiosis genes in Burkholderia from the Piptadenia group have evolved mainly through vertical transfer, but also by horizontal transfer in two species.


Subject(s)
Burkholderia/isolation & purification , Fabaceae/microbiology , Symbiosis , Brazil , Burkholderia/classification , Phylogeny
12.
Plant J ; 74(1): 1-12, 2013 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23279638

ABSTRACT

Effector proteins are key elements in plant-fungal interactions. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae secretes numerous effectors that are suspected to be translocated inside plant cells. However, their cellular targets and the mechanisms of translocation are still unknown. Here, we have identified the open reading frame (ORF3) corresponding to the M. oryzae avirulence gene AVR1-CO39 that interacts with the rice resistance gene Pi-CO39 and encodes a small secreted protein without homology to other proteins. We demonstrate that AVR1-CO39 is specifically expressed and secreted at the plant-fungal interface during the biotrophic phase of infection. Live-cell imaging with M. oryzae transformants expressing a translational fusion between AVR1-CO39 and the monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) indicated that AVR1-CO39 is translocated into the cytoplasm of infected rice cells. Transient expression of an AVR1-CO39 isoform without a signal peptide in rice protoplasts triggers a Pi-CO39-specific hypersensitive response, suggesting that recognition of AVR1-CO39 by the Pi-CO39 gene product occurs in the cytoplasm of rice cells. The native AVR1-CO39 protein enters the secretory pathway of rice protoplasts as demonstrated by the ER localization of AVR1-CO39:mRFP:HDEL translational fusions, and is correctly processed as shown by Western blotting. However, this secreted AVR1-CO39 isoform triggers a Pi-CO39-specific hypersensitive response and accumulates inside rice protoplasts as shown by Western blotting and localization of AVR1-CO39:mRFP translational fusions. This indicates that AVR1-CO39 is secreted by rice protoplasts and re-enters into the cytoplasm by unknown mechanisms, suggesting that translocation of AVR1-CO39 into rice cells occurs independently of fungal factors.


Subject(s)
Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Magnaporthe/pathogenicity , Oryza/microbiology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Protein Transport , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Magnaporthe/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Open Reading Frames , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Protein Sorting Signals , Protoplasts/metabolism
13.
New Phytol ; 192(1): 140-150, 2011 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21679189

ABSTRACT

• Apart from their antifungal role, plant defensins have recently been shown to be involved in abiotic stress tolerance or in inhibition of root growth when added in plant culture medium. We studied the subcellular localization of these proteins, which may account for these different roles. • Stable and transient expression of AhPDF1.1::GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins were analysed in yeast and plants. Functional tests established that the GFP tag did not alter the action of the defensin. Subcellular localization of AhPDF1.1 was characterized: by imaging AhPDF1.1::GFP together with organelle markers; and by immunolabelling AhPDF1.1 in Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves using a polyclonal serum. • All our independent approaches demonstrated that AhPDF1.1 is retained in intracellular compartments on the way to the lytic vacuole, instead of being addressed to the apoplasm. • These findings challenge the commonly accepted idea of secretion of defensins. The subcellular localization highlighted in this study could partly explain the dual role of plant defensins on plant cells and is of major importance to unravel the mechanisms of action of these proteins at the cellular level.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Cell Compartmentation , Defensins/metabolism , Intracellular Space/metabolism , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects , Amino Acid Sequence , Arabidopsis/drug effects , Arabidopsis/physiology , Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry , Cell Wall/drug effects , Cell Wall/metabolism , Chitosan/pharmacology , Defensins/chemistry , Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism , Immunoassay , Intracellular Space/drug effects , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Leaves/cytology , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Protein Sorting Signals , Protein Transport/drug effects , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Subcellular Fractions/drug effects , Subcellular Fractions/metabolism , Nicotiana/drug effects , Nicotiana/metabolism , Vacuoles/drug effects , Vacuoles/metabolism , Zinc/toxicity , trans-Golgi Network/drug effects , trans-Golgi Network/metabolism
14.
Mol Plant Pathol ; 10(4): 471-85, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19523101

ABSTRACT

Several ethylene-response factor (ERF) transcription factors are believed to play a crucial role in the activation of plant defence responses, but little is known about the relationships between the diversity of this family and the functions of groups or individual ERFs in this process. In this study, 200 ERF genes from the unigene cotton database were identified. Conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny reconstruction using the AP2 conserved domain suggest that the classification into 10 major groups used for Arabidopsis and rice is applicable to the cotton ERF family. Based on in silico studies, we predict that group IX ERF genes in cotton are involved in jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET) and pathogen responses. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the transcript profiles of the group IXa subfamily in the regulation of specific resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pathovar malvacearum. The expression of four members of group IXa was induced on challenge with X. campestris pv. malvacearum. Furthermore, the expression of several ERF genes of group IXa was induced synergistically by JA in combination with ET, suggesting that the encoded ERF proteins may play key roles in the integration of both signals to activate JA- and ET-dependent responses.


Subject(s)
Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Ethylenes/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Gossypium/microbiology , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Plant Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Xanthomonas/physiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Arabidopsis/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Genes, Plant , Genetic Variation , Gossypium/drug effects , Gossypium/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Transcription Factors/chemistry , Transcription Factors/metabolism
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...