Subject(s)
Mercury/analysis , Sharks/metabolism , Animals , Hawaii , Liver/analysis , Muscles/analysis , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Behavioral effects of toxaphene, and its toxic components, toxicant A and toxicant B, were studied by perinatally exposing juvenile rats. Toxaphene was given daily to pregnant rats (and their offspring) at 50 microgram/kg body weight via their diet. The daily dietary levels of toxicants A and B were 2.0 microgram/kg body weight. Behavioral tests were performed on the offspring. All rats fed toxaphene, as well as toxicants A and B, showed retarded maturation as judged by the swimming test during their early development. However, the treated rats eventually attained normal swimming ability. The maze retention test demonstrated significant differences between the toxicant A group and all other groups. The toxicant A animals had no difficulty in learning the test problems but were inferior to the other groups in retaining that knowledge.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Insecticides/toxicity , Toxaphene/toxicity , Aging , Animals , Female , Growth/drug effects , Male , Motivation/drug effects , Postural Balance/drug effects , Pregnancy , Rats , Reflex/drug effects , Swimming , Toxaphene/analogs & derivativesSubject(s)
Fishes/metabolism , Mercury/metabolism , Acetates , Animals , Buffers , Chlorides , Fluorides , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Phosphates , SulfidesSubject(s)
Mercury , Water , Bacteria , Chromatography , Fresh Water , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , RadioisotopesABSTRACT
Anacystis nidulans, a freshwater blue-green alga, has been found to lerate sodium chloride (1 percent by weight) and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis chlorophenyl) ethane] (800 parts per billion) separately, but growth was inhibited in the presence of both compounds. This inhibition was reversed by an increased calcium concentration. It is possible that inhibition of (Na+,K+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase) by DDT causes this species to lose the ability to lerate sodium chloride.
Subject(s)
Cyanobacteria/drug effects , DDT/pharmacology , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Adenosine Triphosphatases/analysis , Adenosine Triphosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Calcium/pharmacology , Culture Media , Cyanobacteria/enzymology , Cyanobacteria/growth & development , Drug Tolerance , Ouabain/pharmacologySubject(s)
Cyanobacteria/drug effects , Dieldrin/pharmacology , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Aldrin/metabolism , Aldrin/pharmacology , Culture Media , Cyanobacteria/growth & development , Dieldrin/metabolism , Endrin/metabolism , Endrin/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Phenylmercuric acetate, an organomercurial that has been widely used as a fungicide and slimicide, was found to be metabolized quickly by soil and aquatic microorganisms. One of the major metabolic products was identified to be diphenylmercury. In none of the cases has a methylmercury derivative been found among the microbial metabolic products of phenylmercuric acetate.
Subject(s)
Acetates/metabolism , Mercury/metabolism , Pseudomonas/metabolism , Antifungal Agents/metabolism , Autoradiography , Bacteriological Techniques , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Mercury/analysis , Mercury Isotopes , Soil Microbiology , Water MicrobiologySubject(s)
Endotoxins/metabolism , Hemolymph/metabolism , Insecta/immunology , Animals , Chromium Isotopes , Immunity, Active , Larva/immunologySubject(s)
DDT/metabolism , Water Microbiology , Carbon Isotopes , Ecology , Michigan , United States , WisconsinABSTRACT
Intrahemocoelic injections of vinblastine (10(-3), 10(-4)M) resulted in the disappearance of microtubule marginal bundles in the hemocytes of Periplaneta americana L. concomitant with a change in lenticular cell shape as determined by electron microscopy. In contrast to control cells, which in section were elliptical in shape with smooth edges, treated cells displayed large vacuoles apparently resulting from folds in the cytoplasm and an irregular shape. Vinblastine concentrations lethal to insects (25micro1/insect, 10(-3)M) resulted in marginal bundle loss, and the formation of cytoplasmic linear material with associated ribosomes, although microtubule crystals were not found.
ABSTRACT
Photodieldrin, previously reported as the major conversion product of dieldrin by sunlight, was found among the metabolic products of dieldrin among microorganisms isolated from various environments including soil, water (Lake Michigan), rat intestines, and rumen stomach contents of a cow.
