ABSTRACT
In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first drug specifically for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). More than two decades later, a dozen such treatments are now available. Of these, four are considered second-line treatments for use in escalation strategies and two new drugs are currently undergoing accreditation procedures. Soon, they will provide clinicians with a range of six effective disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) to thwart the inflammatory processes in MS patients with active disease. However, while such a large number of DMTs for MS can help to control early inflammation, any decisions to be made by clinicians have also been made substantially more complex. This complexity is increased by the lack of head-to-head studies comparing these second-line therapies and the benefit-risk profiles for each of these drugs, which are likely to vary among patients. Ultimately, good awareness of the benefits and, more important, the risks of each MS DMT is crucial for the effective management of inflammation in MS.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Neurology/trends , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Neurology/methods , Treatment Outcome , United StatesABSTRACT
Personality disorders in child can be easily confused -- initially at least -- with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Because of the therapeutic and prognostic stake related to the early psychiatric care of Child Developmental Personality Disorders it is important to sensitize pédiatric and general practitioner with the clinical screening of these disorders. Indeed any premature prescription of psychostimulant treatment in these children can have regrettable consequences on their psychic functioning already precarious.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , France , Humans , Mass Screening/methodsABSTRACT
In the past years, obsessive-compulsive disorder has mainly been described in adults. However, recent epidemiological data has shown that 2 to 3% of the school-age population has OCD symptoms in the clinical range of severity. Despite these findings, this disorder remains still unknown and under recognized by child's clinicians--general practitioners, paediatricians or child and adolescent psychiatrists. This may contribute to the particularly damaging delay occurring in diagnosis and specific treatment of childhood onset OCD. Therefore, this article intends to review the main clinical signs likely to allow an early detection of OCD in child as well as the principal therapeutic methods currently in progress.