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1.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1069406, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36874798

ABSTRACT

Cultural differences in self-construal, human relationships, and values between Western and East Asian people have been suggested. The aim of this article is to investigate cultural difference in dreamers' self-construal based on their dreams. We examined the dreams sampled via online questionnaires from 300 non-clinical participants from America and Japan, respectively. The free response for the contents of "impressive dreams in childhood" "recent impressive dreams" was categorized into the five general dream structural patterns. Besides, the participants were asked to answer the scales to investigate participants' cultural self-construal. The current results revealed the prevalence of the independent view of self in American participants and the interdependent view of self in Japanese participants. In addition, we found significant cultural differences in the dream length and structural patterns. For American dreams, the dream-ego had a clear will and strong mobility, and there were obvious ends of dream events. Conversely, for Japanese dreams, the weak agency and vague conscious of the dream-ego were shown, and others could play a main role in one's dreams. These results suggested that each characteristic of the American and Japanese samples may be influenced by the differences in self-construal or in the process of self-formation between American and Japanese cultures.

2.
Structure ; 25(3): 506-513, 2017 03 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28132785

ABSTRACT

Oncogenic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations contribute to cancer via production of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Here, we characterize two structurally distinct mutant- and isoform-selective IDH1 inhibitors that inhibit 2-HG production. Both bind to an allosteric pocket on IDH1, yet shape it differently, highlighting the plasticity of this site. Oncogenic IDH1R132H mutation destabilizes an IDH1 "regulatory segment," which otherwise restricts compound access to the allosteric pocket. Regulatory segment destabilization in wild-type IDH1 promotes inhibitor binding, suggesting that destabilization is critical for mutant selectivity. We also report crystal structures of oncogenic IDH2 mutant isoforms, highlighting the fact that the analogous segment of IDH2 is not similarly destabilized. This intrinsic stability of IDH2 may contribute to observed inhibitor IDH1 isoform selectivity. Moreover, discrete residues in the IDH1 allosteric pocket that differ from IDH2 may also guide IDH1 isoform selectivity. These data provide a deeper understanding of how IDH1 inhibitors achieve mutant and isoform selectivity.


Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Neoplasms/genetics , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Allosteric Regulation , Allosteric Site , Crystallography, X-Ray , Glutarates/metabolism , Humans , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Protein Isoforms/chemistry , Protein Isoforms/genetics
3.
Ann Behav Med ; 49(6): 912-7, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25976874

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The quality of social relationships and social support appears to be associated with physical health outcomes and sleep quality. Almost all previous research in this area focuses on positive aspects of relationships. PURPOSE: The present study thus intended to examine the links between supportive, aversive, ambivalent, and indifferent network ties and sleep quality. METHODS: Relationship data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-assessed sleep quality, and depression were examined in 175 middle-aged and older adults. RESULTS: Consistent with hypotheses, supportive ties were positively related to sleep quality, while aversive ties predicted worse sleep quality, associations that were primarily seen for close relationships. Ambivalent and indifferent ties were not significant predictors of sleep quality. Importantly, depression was found to mediate the link between relationship quality and sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the more specific types of social relationships that may be linked to poor sleep quality and that depression appears to underlie these associations.


Subject(s)
Interpersonal Relations , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology , Sleep/physiology , Social Support , Aged , Depression/complications , Depression/psychology , Depressive Disorder/complications , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
4.
Health Psychol ; 34(5): 531-8, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25110842

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Social control in the health domain refers to attempts by social network members to get an individual to modify their health behaviors. According to the dual effects model of social control, having one's health behavior controlled by others should be related to healthier behavioral change, but might arouse psychological distress as one may resent being controlled. Despite potential healthy behavior change, the stress of social control may thus be detrimental as interpersonal stress has been related to negative health outcomes. In the present study, the association between perceived social control and telomere length was tested to examine its association to biological outcomes. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a relatively healthy community sample of 140 middle age and older adults completed measures of perceived social control, perceived stress, and health behaviors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to determine telomere length. RESULTS: Main results showed that higher levels of perceived direct social network control were associated with shorter telomere length. These links were not influenced by statistical controls for medication use, self-rated health, trait hostility, and optimism. Perceived social control was also related to greater perceived stress but not health behaviors overall. However, neither perceived stress nor health behaviors mediated the link between social control and telomere length. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study design precludes strong inferences, these results suggest that perceived social control may be associated with cellular aging. These data also highlight the utility of integrating biological outcomes into social control models. (PsycINFO Database Record


Subject(s)
Perception , Social Control, Informal , Social Support , Telomere , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Behavior , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Male , Middle Aged
5.
Health Psychol ; 33(11): 1440-3, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24245843

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Social support is a reliable predictor of cardiovascular health. According to the buffering hypothesis, stress is 1 mechanism by which support is able to affect physiological processes. However, most of the experimental evidence for the hypothesis comes from laboratory studies. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) protocols examine participants in their natural environment, where they are more likely to encounter personally relevant real-world stressors. Furthermore, prior work shows that examining support by its specific functional components reveals additional independent links to health. METHODS: The current study aimed to examine the stress-buffering effects of functional social support on ABP. One hundred eighty-eight participants completed a 1-day ABP assessment along with measures of functional social support and both global perceived stress and momentary stress at time of reading. RESULTS: RESULTS indicated main effects for both stress measures. Global support, emotional, tangible, and informational support only moderated the effects of momentary stress, but not global stress, in predicting ABP. Informational support was the most consistent stress-buffering predictor of ABP, predicting both ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The predicted values in ABP for informational support achieved health-relevant differences, emphasizing the value of examining functional support beyond global support alone.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Social Support , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Adult , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult
6.
Health Psychol ; 32(10): 1067-75, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23914811

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Although perceiving one's social ties as sources of ambivalence has been linked to negative health outcomes, the more specific contexts by which such relationships influence health remain less studied. We thus examined if perceived spousal relationship quality in three theoretically important contexts (i.e., support, capitalization, everyday life) predicted inflammation. METHOD: Ninety-four married couples completed measures of perceived spousal positivity and negativity in support, capitalization, and everyday contexts. These scores were used to derive an index of relationship ambivalence whereby interactions were rated as containing both positive and negative aspects. Serum levels of IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP were assessed from plasma. RESULTS: Perceiving ambivalence toward one's spouse in a support context was linked to greater inflammation even when considering health behaviors, relationship-specific romantic attachment style, spouse negativity/positivity ratings, and overall marital satisfaction. Perceiving ambivalence toward a spouse during capitalization predicted higher fibrinogen levels only, whereas no links were found with perceived spousal ambivalence in everyday life contexts. CONCLUSION: Perceptions of ambivalence during support may be a particularly important relational context in which marital ties influence health.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Interpersonal Relations , Marriage/psychology , Perception , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Adult , Affect , Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology , Cardiovascular System , Female , Fibrinogen/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Social Support , Spouses/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology
7.
J Biol Chem ; 288(35): 25575-25583, 2013 Aug 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23857587

ABSTRACT

Nitrifier denitrification is the conversion of nitrite to nitrous oxide by ammonia-oxidizing organisms. This process, which is distinct from denitrification, is active under aerobic conditions in the model nitrifier Nitrosomonas europaea. The central enzyme of the nitrifier dentrification pathway is a copper nitrite reductase (CuNIR). To understand how a CuNIR, typically inactivated by oxygen, functions in this pathway, the enzyme isolated directly from N. europaea (NeNIR) was biochemically and structurally characterized. NeNIR reduces nitrite at a similar rate to other CuNIRs but appears to be oxygen tolerant. Crystal structures of oxidized and reduced NeNIR reveal a substrate channel to the active site that is much more restricted than channels in typical CuNIRs. In addition, there is a second fully hydrated channel leading to the active site that likely acts a water exit pathway. The structure is minimally affected by changes in pH. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the molecular basis for NeNIR oxygen tolerance.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Nitrite Reductases/chemistry , Nitrosomonas europaea/enzymology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Catalytic Domain , Crystallography, X-Ray , Denitrification , Nitrite Reductases/metabolism , Nitrites/chemistry , Nitrites/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxygen/chemistry , Oxygen/metabolism
8.
Int J Psychophysiol ; 88(3): 317-24, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22465206

ABSTRACT

Perceived support has been related to lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the specific functional components of support responsible for such links. We tested if emotional, informational, tangible, and belonging support predicted ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and interpersonal interactions (e.g., responsiveness), and if such links were moderated by gender. In this study, 94 married couples underwent 12 h of ABP monitoring during daily life which included a night at home with their spouse. They completed a short-form of the interpersonal support evaluation list that provides information on total (global) support, as well as specific dimensions of support. Results revealed that global support scores did not predict ABP during daily life. However, separating out distinct support components revealed that emotional support was a significant predictor of lower ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure, primarily for women. Finally, emotional support predicted greater partner responsiveness and self-disclosure, along with less perceived partner negativity although these results were not moderated by gender. These data are discussed in terms of the importance of considering specific support components and the contextual processes that might influence such links.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/psychology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Family Characteristics , Interpersonal Relations , Perception/physiology , Social Support , Adult , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult
9.
Soc Sci Med ; 74(7): 949-57, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22326104

ABSTRACT

Contemporary models postulate the importance of psychological mechanisms linking perceived and received social support to physical health outcomes. In this review, we examine studies that directly tested the potential psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and health-relevant physiological processes (1980s-2010). Inconsistent with existing theoretical models, no evidence was found that psychological mechanisms such as depression, perceived stress, and other affective processes are directly responsible for links between support and health. We discuss the importance of considering statistical/design issues, emerging conceptual perspectives, and limitations of our existing models for future research aimed at elucidating the psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and physical health outcomes.


Subject(s)
Health Services Research , Health Status , Social Support , Adaptation, Psychological , Depression , Humans , Research Design , Self Concept , Self Efficacy , Stress, Psychological
10.
Health Psychol ; 31(6): 789-96, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22229928

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The quality of one's personal relationships has been linked to morbidity and mortality across different diseases. As a result, it is important to examine more integrative mechanisms that might link relationships across diverse physical health outcomes. In this study, we examine associations between relationships and telomeres that predict general disease risk. These questions are pursued in the context of a more comprehensive model of relationships that highlights the importance of jointly considering positive and negative aspects of social ties. METHOD: One hundred thirty-six individuals from a community sample (ages 48 to 77 years) completed the social relationships index, which allows a determination of relationships that differ in their positive and negative substrates (i.e., ambivalent, supportive, aversive, indifferent). Telomere length was determined from peripheral blood mononuclear cells via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Participants who had a higher number of ambivalent ties in their social networks evidenced shorter telomeres. These results were independent of other relationship types (e.g., supportive) and standard control variables (e.g., age, health behaviors, and medication use). Gender moderated the links between ambivalent ties and telomere length, with these associations seen primarily in women. Follow-up analyses revealed that the links between ambivalent ties and telomeres were primarily due to friendships, parents, and social acquaintances. CONCLUSION: Consistent with epidemiological findings, these data highlight a novel and integrative biological mechanism by which social ties may affect health across diseases and further suggest the importance of incorporating positivity and negativity in the study of specific relationships and physical health.


Subject(s)
Emotions , Health Status , Interpersonal Relations , Telomere/ultrastructure , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Telomere Shortening
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