ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Care navigation is an approach to personalized care management and care coordination that can help overcome barriers to care. Care navigation has not been extensively studied in dementia, where health care workforce innovations are needed as a result of increasing disease prevalence and resulting costs to the health care system. OBJECTIVE: To identify facilitators and barriers to care navigation in dementia and to assess dementia caregiver satisfaction with care navigation. METHODS: Methods include qualitative research (interviews, focus groups, observations) with "Care Team Navigators" (CTNs) who were part of a dementia care navigation program, the Care Ecosystem, and a quantitative survey with caregivers about their experiences with CTNs. Transcripts were analyzed to identify themes within the data. RESULTS: CTNs identified the following facilitators to care navigation in dementia: working closely with caregivers; providing emotional support; tailoring education and resources; and coordinating with a clinical team around issues ranging from clinical questions to financial and legal decision-making. The barriers CTNS identified included burn-out, the progressive nature of the disease; coordinating with primary care providers; and identifying resources for dyads who are low-income, do not speak English, or live in rural areas. Caregivers across both sites highly rated CTNs, though satisfaction was higher among those in Nebraska and Iowa. CONCLUSIONS: Innovative approaches to care delivery in dementia are crucial. Care navigation offers a feasible model to train unlicensed people to deliver care as a way to deliver larger-scale support for the growing population of adults living with dementia and their caregivers.
Subject(s)
Caregivers , Dementia/therapy , Patient Navigation/methods , Adult , Aged , Caregivers/psychology , Consumer Behavior , Female , Focus Groups , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The past decades have seen phenomenal growth in the availability of inexpensive and powerful personal computing devices. Efforts to leverage these devices to improve health care outcomes promise to remake many aspects of healthcare delivery, but remain in their infancy. NEW METHOD: We describe the development of a mobile health platform designed for daily measures of functional status in ambulatory, community dwelling subjects, including those who have Alzheimer's disease or related neurodegenerative disorders. Using Smartwatches and Smartphones we measure subject overall activity and outdoor location (to derive their lifespace). These clinically-relevant measures allow us to track a subject's functional status in their natural environment over prolonged periods of time without repeated visits to healthcare providers. Functional status metrics are integrated with medical information and caregiver reports, which are used by a caregiving team to guide referrals for physician/APRN/NP care. COMPARISON: with Existing Methods We describe the design tradeoffs involved in all aspects of our current system architecture, focusing on decisions with significant impact on system cost, performance, scalability, and user-adherence. RESULTS: We provide real-world data from current subject enrollees demonstrating system accuracy and reliability. CONCLUSIONS: We document real-world feasibility in a group of men and women with dementia that Smartwatches/Smartphones can provide long-term, relevant clinical data regarding individual functional status. We describe the underlying considerations of this system so that interested organizations can adapt and scale our approach to their needs. Finally, we provide a potential agenda to guide development of future systems.
Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Dementia/diagnosis , Independent Living , Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Telemedicine/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mobile Applications , Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation , Smartphone , Telemedicine/instrumentation , Wearable Electronic DevicesABSTRACT
Katherine Possin and colleagues report on the implementation, development, and early findings of the Care Ecosystem, an adaptive, personalized, and scalable dementia care program.
