[RuII(tpy)(bpy)Cl]+-Catalyzed reduction of carbon dioxide. Mechanistic insights by carbon-13 kinetic isotope effects.

In this work, we examine the use of competitive 13C kinetic isotope effects (13C KIEs) on CO2 reduction reactions that produce CO and formic acid as a means to formulate reaction mechanisms. The findings reported here mark a further advancement in the combined 13C KIE measurements and theoretical calculations methodology for probing CO2 conversion reactions.

Elective cervical cerclage versus no treatment in women with the history of cervical insufficiency: retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcomes.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To evaluate the effectiveness of elective cervical cerclage (CC) on the pregnancy outcome of patients with cervical insufficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on women with an obstetric history of cervical insufficiency on whom CC was applied or not. The two groups were compared for the main measure outcomes of mean gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores at five minutes, number of premature and preterm deliveries, rate of preterm premature rupture of membranes, incidence of neonatal death, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). RESULTS: A total of 183 women were eligible for the final analysis in the CC group and 183 were taken as the control group. There were significant differences in terms of the mean gestational age at delivery (37 ± 4.0 vs. 34±5 weeks, p = 0.001), the mean birth weight (3,000 ± 870 vs. 2,200 ± 860 grams, p = 0.001), the number of preterm deliveries (< 37 weeks) (40% vs. 63%, p = 0.001, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.26-0.61) between CC and control groups, respectively. Median Apgar scores at five minutes were 9 in CC group and 8 in the control group (p = 0.001) and the percentages of admission to NICU were 14% in CC group and 34% in the control group (p = 0.001, OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17-0.52). CONCLUSION: The placement of elective CC seemed to be effective in patients with a history of mid-trimester abortion or preterm delivery due to cervical insufficiency.

Propiedades del subcitrato de bismuto coloidal (SBC) en el tratamiento de desórdenes gastrointestinales / Properties of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders

Durante dos siglos las preparaciones de bismuto han sido útiles en una variedad de desórdenes gastrointestinales. Una renovada atención sobre la terapia con bismuto surgió cuando se demostró que los compuestos de bismuto son efectivos contra la infección por Helicobacter pylori. La necesidad de su erradicación total ha potenciado el uso del subcitrato de bismuto coloidal (SBC). En este sentido, parece actuar por varios mecanismos. El presente trabajo de revisión describe la farmacología del SBC en el tratamiento de descontroles gastrointestinales. El uso prolongado de compuestos de bismuto a dosis elevadas, que se produjo en el pasado, dio lugar a la aparición de efectos adversos serios. Los estudios sobre la administración oral de SBC sugieren que, utilizado en las dosis recomendadas, ha sido efectivo y seguro. No obstante, la posible toxicidad de las preparaciones de bismuto debe tenerse presente. En el presente trabajo se muestra una descripción de absorción, distribución, eliminación y toxicidad del SBC. Años atrás no había ningún estudio sistemático sobre las relaciones de estructura-actividad del SBC. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha producido un importante progreso en esta área. Así que, otro aspecto interesante de esta revisión es que resume, discute y describe las principales propiedades físicas, químicas y estructurales de SBC

Bismuth preparations have been useful in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders for two centuries. A renewed attention in bismuth therapy arose when it was shown that bismuth preparations are effective against Helicobacter pylori infection. The need for its total eradication has resulted in the use colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS). In this sense, it appears to act via several mechanisms. Present review describes CBS pharmacology in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The prolonged use of high dose bismuth compounds in the past has shown some serious side effects. The studies on CBS oral administration suggests that, utilized in recommended dosages, it has been effective and safe. Nevertheless, the possible toxicity of bismuth preparations should be kept in mind. A description about CBS absorption, distribution, elimination and toxicity are shown in the present review. In the past, there had been no systematic study of the structure-activity relationships of CBS. Recently, however, there has been important progress in this area. So, another interesting aspect of this review is that summarizes, discusses and describes the main physical, chemical and structural properties of CBS

Aplicaciones terapéuticas presentes y futuras del subcitrato de bismuto coloidal (SBC) / Present and future therapeutical applications of Colloidal Bismuth Subcitrate (CBS)

El descubrimiento del efecto bactericida del subcitrato de bismuto coloidal (SBC) sobre Helicobacter pylori ha fomentado la realización de estudios en los que se utiliza este fármaco, sólo o en combinación con otros, para tratar a pacientes con gastritis o úlcera péptica. La erradicación total de H. pylori es fundamental para prevenir las recidivas. En este sentido, los resultados obtenidos utilizando diferentes combinaciones farmacológicas de SBC han sido prometedores. En la primera parte del presente trabajo de revisión se describen los principales regímenes erradicadores de H. pylori utilizando SBC. Existe poca información sobre la acción del SBC en la mucosa colónica. Sin embargo, algunos autores han investigado los efectos beneficiosos de este fármaco a nivel del tracto gastrointestinal. Por consiguiente, en la parte segunda del trabajo de revisión se describen los estudios más recientes relacionados con una nueva y potencial aplicación del SBC en otras enfermedades del aparato digestivo (AU)

Statistical optimization of a sustained-release matrix tablet of lobenzarit disodium.

The statistical optimization of sustained-release matrix tablets of lobenzarit disodium salt (LDS) was performed using the central composite experiment design 2(3) for three independent variables: the amount of polymer (Eudragit RS-PO) AP, the total volume of granulation solvent VS, and the amount of filler (microcrystalline cellulose) CE. The t90% was selected as the response variable. The response surfaces were performed from a statistical mathematical model. The optimal formulation was obtained for the variables (AP = 15 mg, VS = 60 microliters, and CE = 0).

Evaluation of Eudragit RS-PO and Ethocel 100 matrices for the controlled release of lobenzarit disodium.

Lobenzarit disodium is a drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, inert matrix tablets of lobenzarit disodium were prepared by direct compression using Ethocel 100 and Eudragit RS-PO as polymeric materials in different ratios. The obtained powder mixtures and tablets were evaluated from the rheological and technological points of view. The dissolution test was performed to evaluate the in vitro release kinetic of the matrices. The obtained dissolution profiles demonstrated that the matrices containing Eudragit RS-PO showed a slower release rate and therefore were more suitable for controlling the release of drug. The fit to the Higuchi model indicates that the drug release mechanism from these matrices was controlled by the diffusion step.