Analysis of the pattern of the alveolar ridge remodelling following single tooth extraction.

INTRODUCTION: Tooth extraction is followed by marked osseous changes of the residual alveolar ridge including severe bone alterations both in height and in width. However, such remodelling could jeopardize the subsequent implant insertion for two main reasons. Firstly, the absence of adequate bone levels makes implant placement impossible; secondly, aesthetic problems in the fabrication of implanto-supported restoration could be caused by serious bone re-absorption. Thus, it is of crucial importance that the dental surgeon knows how the alveolar crest changes when a single tooth has been removed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of alveolar crest remodelling observed in a single intercalated area of tooth extraction after at least a period of 6 months of healing, using standardized photos of model casts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the patients who were treated for a single intercalated tooth extraction during the last 2 years at the department of dentistry at Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (Lucca), Italy, we selected 50 patients. The amount of alveolar crest remodelling was assessed on standardized photos of study models. All measurement were recorded on an Excel sheet (Excel, Windows XP(®)) and each value was multiplied by the enlargement index so that true values of re-absorption could be obtained. Finally, we have calculated the percentage of amount of alveolar crest remodelling and shifting of alveolar crest. RESULTS: We calculated the percentage of buccal remodelling and alveolar crest shift. The buccal re-absorption was 19.4 ± 9.4% at mesial point, 39.1 ± 10.4% at midpoint and 20.3 ± 10.7% at distal level. Moreover, the shift of the alveolar crest was 59.1 ± 11.2% at mesial point, 64.8 ± 10.5% at the midpoint and 56 ± 12.5% at distal point. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that buccal wall tends to re-absorb after the extraction according to a specific pattern. Thus, the re-absorption at the midpoint represent the double of bone loss at the distal and the mesial points. Furthermore, we have observed first how the alveolar crest shifts placing along the more lingual/palatal line which divides the original alveolar crest into three parts.

Effect of coconut oil in the post-weaning starter diet on growth and carcass qualities of male lambs, weaned early and intensively fattened in winter.

The influence of medium-chain fatty acids (5% coconut oil) introduced in a starter diet (ALc) for 21 d after weaning was investigated in 230 Lacaune male lambs. They were weaned early, intensively fattened during winter and slaughtered at a constant live-weight (39 kg). Comparisons have been made regarding the individual growth rates and carcass qualities with an isocaloric and isonitrogenous reference diet (ALr) from lamb sub-samples. During the period of actual starter diet utilization, ALc induced a higher growth rate (+ 59%) independently of the weaning weight (Wto). The feed conversion ratio was lower with ALc (P < 0.01). The induced weight difference remained after the lambs were fed on the same finishing diet. The growth pattern for the entire fattening period was more regular with ALc, particularly when lamb weight was medium (12 kg) of light (Wto < 11 kg) at weaning. The volatile fatty acid pattern in the rumen fluid over time (sampling with a rumen vacuum pump) and throughout the transition between starter and fattening diets (Rusitec procedure) did not show a clear coconut oil effect. ALc induced a slight increase in the external fat layer at slaughter 2 months later, especially in heavy lambs. Firmness and colour of subcutaneous fatty tissue were not different, but ALc tended to result in firmer and whiter carcasses in the case of the heavier lambs at weaning.

[Serodiagnosis of pregnancy in the cow with the latex passive agglutination technic]. / Diagnostic sérique de la gestation chez la vache avec la technique d'agglutination passive de particules de latex.

This paper describes a test for diagnosing pregnancy in the cow based on the detection of blastocyst antigens in the maternal blood circulation. Rabbit anti-bovine embryo serum was agglutinated with the sera of non-pregnant cows to obtain specific antibodies. These rabbit antibodies were then absorbed on latex beads which could then be used for the standard passive agglutination reaction. This diagnostic technique was tested on 415 animals. The results on pregnant cows were successful in 78 p. 100 of the cases (confidence interval: 69-86 p. 100) and on non-pregnant cows 94 p. 100 of the time (confidence interval: 90-97 p. 100). This test is independent of the status of the ovaries and of the pregnancy stage. Detection is reliable from day 26 after coitum.

[Post-natal development of hematocrit in calves]. / Evolution post-natale de l'hématocrite chez le veau.

This study was carried out on 470 veal calves fed only with milk. Calves with haematocrit value before slaughter higher than 39.0, from 32.5 to 34.5 and lower than 25.0 has red, pink or white meat. Comparison between haematocrit of newborn and 3 months old calves showed two separate situations : decrease of haematocrit for values at birth higher than 38.9 and increase for values lower than 32.3.