ABSTRACT
In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), adequate glucose control is of major importance. When treatment schemes become more complicated, proper self-management through intermittent self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG), among others, becomes crucial in achieving this goal. In the last decade, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been on the rise, providing not only intermittent information but also information on continuous glucose trends. The FreeStyle Libre (FSL) Flash CGM system is a CGM system mainly used for patients with DM and is designed based on the same techniques as early CGMs. Compared with earlier CGMs, the FSL is factory calibrated, has no automated readings or direct alarms, and is cheaper to use. Although less accurate compared with the gold standard for SMBG, users report high satisfaction because it is easy to use and can help users monitor glucose trends. The Flash Monitor Register in the Netherlands (FLARE-NL) study aims to assess the effects of FSL Flash CGM use in daily practice. The study has a before-after design, with each participant being his or her own control. Users will be followed for at least 1 year. The endpoints include changes in HbA1c, frequency and severity of hypoglycemias, and quality of life. In addition, the effects of its use on work absenteeism rate, diabetes-related hospital admission rate, and daily functioning (including sports performance) will be studied. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis based on the combination of registered information within the health insurance data will be investigated. Ultimately, the data gathered in this study will help increase the knowledge and skills of the use of the Flash CGM in daily practice and assess the financial impact on the use of the Flash CGM within the Dutch healthcare system.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of psychological problems in people with (visual and) intellectual disabilities is high and therefore there is a substantial need for adequate psychological treatment.
AIM: To examine the effectiveness of psychotherapy in people with a (visual and) intellectual disability and to study which adjustments are needed in treatment protocols.
METHOD: A random selection of client files (n = 50) was studied, therapists completed questionnaires (n = 5) and videos of mentalisation based therapy sessions (n = 12) were analysed.
RESULTS: A qualitative assessment of therapy effect showed that for 88% of clients therapy was effective, half or all treatment goals were achieved. The psychotherapeutic methodologies corresponded, as recommended in the literature, to methodologies used for persons without a disability, although practical and specific adjustments were needed.
CONCLUSION: A large number of psychotherapeutic methods, with the necessary adjustments, can be used in the treatment of persons with (visual and intellectual) disabilities with psychological problems.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Humans , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare the generic and ostomy-specific quality of life (QoL) between cancer and non-cancer ostomy patients using a mixed-method design. METHODS: All patients with an ostomy participating in the Stomapanel of the Dutch Ostomy Association were asked to complete a generic (RAND-36) and ostomy-specific (Stoma-QoL) QoL questionnaire. In addition, open-ended questions on symptoms, restrictions or adaptations influencing daily life were included. The generic and ostomy-specific QoL between cancer and non-cancer ostomy patients were compared using linear regression analyses. Qualitative responses were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: In total, 668 patients were included: 379 cancer patients (80 % colorectal, 17 % bladder and 3 % other) and 289 non-cancer patients (38 % colitis ulcerosa, 22 % Crohn's disease and 40 % other) with a colostomy (55 %), ileostomy (31 %) and/or urostomy (16 %). Adjusted for gender, age, type of ostomy and time elapsed since ostomy surgery, cancer ostomy patients scored higher (better) on Stoma-QoL (ß = 2.1) and all RAND-36 domains (9.1 < ß ≤ 19.5) except on mental health compared to non-cancer ostomy patients. Of the 33 themes coded for in the content analysis, fatigue or sleeplessness, leakages, pain, bladder or bowel complaints, physical functioning or activity, travelling or being away from home, other daily activities (including work), clothing and diet were among the 10 most frequently reported themes, although ranking differed between both patient groups. Besides, cancer ostomy patients frequently reported on the impact on (engaging in a) relationship or sexual intimacy and non-cancer ostomy patients frequently reported to be relieved of symptoms and restrictions in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients reported better generic and ostomy-specific QoL than non-cancer ostomy patients. In both cancer and non-cancer ostomy patients, fatigue or sleeplessness, leakages, pain, bladder or bowel complaints, physical functioning or activity, travelling or being away from home, other daily activities (including work), clothing and diet were among the 10 most common reported themes influencing daily life. However, the ranking of these 10 most common themes was different in both patient groups.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/psychology , Ostomy/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Adult , Aged , Fatigue , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/therapy , Sexual Behavior , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
One hundred and twenty-nine dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism were treated according to a protocol aimed at the complete destruction of the adrenal cortices by the administration of o,p'-DDD (mitotane) at a daily dose of 50 to 75 mg/kg bodyweight for 25 days. On the third day, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplementation was begun for the induced adrenocortical insufficiency. The first followup examination after completion of the 25-day course and the subsequent twice-yearly follow-up examinations included physical examination and measurements of plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium to optimise substitution therapy. In 19 dogs the full course of 25 days treatment could not be completed. Of the 110 dogs which received the full course of treatment, the administration had to be stopped temporarily in 32 because of side-effects, such as anorexia and vomiting. The actual dose of o,p'-DDD administered was not significantly different in the dogs with and without these side-effects. Clinical remission occurred in 111 dogs (86 per cent), of which 43 (39 per cent) had a relapse. The estimated one-year disease-free fraction was 77 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI]: 67 to 85 per cent). The estimated one-year survival fraction was 80 per cent (95 per cent CI: 71 to 87 per cent), the two-year survival was 69 per cent (95 per cent CI: 59 to 78 per cent), and the three-year survival was 61 per cent (95 per cent CI: 49 to 71 per cent). The bodyweight and age of the dog, and vomiting occurring during the period of treatment, were positively correlated with the length of the disease-free period, whereas weakness during the treatment and resistance to dexamethasone suppression of the urinary corticoid/creatinine ratios at the start of the treatment were associated with a relatively short survival time.
