Subjective visual horizontal correlates better with ocular than with cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between widely used otolith function tests: the Subjective Visual Horizontal (SVH) and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 301 patients who underwent SVH, ocular and cervical VEMP (oVEMP and cVEMP) tests on the same day. Correlations between the mean SVH tilt and amplitude asymmetry ratios for bone-conducted (BC) oVEMP and air-conducted (AC) cVEMP were examined. Diagnoses included vestibular neuritis, stroke, vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and vestibular schwannoma. RESULTS: SVH results were concordant with the oVEMP in 64% of cases and the cVEMP in 51%. Across all patients, SVH demonstrated a significant moderate correlation with BC oVEMP amplitude asymmetry ratios (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and a weak correlation with AC cVEMP amplitude asymmetry ratios (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). A stronger correlation between SVH and oVEMPs was observed in patients with vestibular neuritis (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) and SSNHL (r = 0.76, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SVH correlates better with oVEMP than cVEMP symmetry. SIGNIFICANCE: This finding reinforces the hypothesis of a common utricular origin for both SVH and oVEMPs which is distinct from the saccular origin of cVEMPs.

Pulse transit time and assessment of childhood sleep disordered breathing.

OBJECTIVES: To compare nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) with pulse transit time (PTT) recordings and structured clinical assessments and assess the reliability of these methods as a surrogate for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; calculated as the number of apneas/hypopneas per hour of total sleep time) and to test the associations between the clinical assessments and sleep disordered breathing (SDB). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. The parents of 51 children and adolescents filled out a questionnaire on SDB and the participants underwent examination. Scores from questionnaire and examination items were weighted according to their association with SDB. A total clinical score was assigned combining questionnaire and examination scores. SETTING: Hospital pediatrics department. PATIENTS: Children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years undergoing standard PSG with the addition of PTT as part of a clinical investigation for SDB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The AHI and associations between the AHI and PTT arousal index (PTT-AI) and questionnaire, examination, and total clinical scores. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between the AHI and PTT-AI (r = 0.55; P < .001). The relationship between the AHI and PTT-AI was stronger when the AHI was greater than 3. We also found significant correlations between the PTT-AI and the total clinical score (r = 0.38; P = .008) and the examination score (r = 0.44; P = .002) but not the questionnaire score (r = 0.23; P = .12). There was an association between the AHI and examination score in particular when the AHI was greater than 3. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse transit time shows promise as a screening test for SDB associated with an AHI greater than 3. For less severe SDB, the validity of using the PTT to separate these conditions from primary snoring has not been demonstrated in a clinical setting.

Improved speech discrimination after cochlear implantation in the Southern Cochlear Implant Adult Programme.

AIM: To assess the rate and amount of improvement in speech discrimination scores following cochlear implant (CI) at the Southern Cochlear Implant Programme-Adult (SCIPA). METHODS: A retrospective review of those implanted between 1999 and 2008 at SCIPA. We recorded type of implant, age of onset of deafness, age at implant, aetiology, and speech discrimination test (hearing in noise test, HINT) results pre-implant and over time post-implant. RESULTS: The mean post-implant HINT score (auditory alone) for the 78 patients who had follow-up up to nine months was 74%, and at 18 months (52 patients) was 81%, compared with a mean pre-implant score of 15%. Performance plateaued at around 6 months post-implant. Age at operation was unrelated to outcome but earlier onset of deafness (and higher percentage of life deaf) gave a poorer outcome. Medium pre-implant scores were associated with lower post-implant scores than those with low or high pre-implant scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results compare favourably with world-wide standards. Benefit in speech discrimination appears to plateau 6 months post-implant. A shorter duration of deafness or percentage of life spent deaf gives better results, but patients with very poor pre-implant functioning may in fact perform better at long term follow-up than those with slightly better pre-implant functioning.