Increasing the Use of Enteral Antibiotics in Hospitalized Children With Uncomplicated Infections.

BACKGROUND: Route of administration is an important component of antimicrobial stewardship. Early transition from intravenous to enteral antibiotics in hospitalized children is associated with fewer catheter-related adverse events, as well as decreased costs and length of stay. Our aim was to increase the percentage of enteral antibiotic doses for hospital medicine patients with uncomplicated common bacterial infections (community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, neck infection) from 50% to 80% in 6 months. METHODS: We formed a multidisciplinary team to evaluate key drivers and design plan-do-study-act cycles. Interventions included provider education, structured discussion at existing team huddles, and pocket-sized printed information. Our primary measure was the percentage of antibiotic doses given enterally to patients receiving other enteral medications. Secondary measures included antibiotic cost, number of peripheral intravenous catheters, length of stay, and 7-day readmission. We used statistical process control charts to track our measures. RESULTS: Over a 6-month baseline period and 12 months of improvement work, we observed 3183 antibiotic doses (888 in the baseline period, 2295 doses during improvement work). We observed an increase in the percentage of antibiotic doses given enterally per week for eligible patients from 50% to 67%. We observed decreased antibiotic costs and fewer peripheral intravenous catheters per encounter after the interventions. There was no change in length of stay or readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed increased enteral antibiotic doses for children hospitalized with common bacterial infections. Interventions targeting culture change and communication were associated with sustained improvement.

Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run.

Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO's, AdVirgo's and KAGRA's fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time and include localization and source properties to guide complementary observations. In preparation for O4, we have conducted a study using a simulated population of compact binaries and a mock data challenge (MDC) in the form of a real-time replay to optimize and profile the software infrastructure and scientific deliverables. End-toend performance was tested, including data ingestion, running online search pipelines, performing annotations, and issuing alerts to the astrophysics community. We present an overview of the low-latency infrastructure and the performance of the data products that are now being released during O4 based on the MDC. We report the expected median latency for the preliminary alert of full bandwidth searches (29.5 s) and show consistency and accuracy of released data products using the MDC. We report the expected median latency for triggers from early warning searches (-3.1 s), which are new in O4 and target neutron star mergers during inspiral phase. This paper provides a performance overview for LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) low-latency alert infrastructure and data products using theMDCand serves as a useful reference for the interpretation of O4 detections.

Assessing the Revised Safer Dx Instrument® in the understanding of ambulatory system design changes for type 1 diabetes and autism spectrum disorder in pediatrics.

OBJECTIVES: We sought within an ambulatory safety study to understand if the Revised Safer Dx instrument may be helpful in identification of diagnostic missed opportunities in care of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We reviewed two months of emergency department (ED) encounters for all patients at our tertiary care site with T1D and a sample of such encounters for patients with ASD over a 15-month period, and their pre-visit communication methods to better understand opportunities to improve diagnosis. We applied the Revised Safer Dx instrument to each diagnostic journey. We chose potentially preventable ED visits for hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and behavioral crises, and reviewed electronic health record data over the prior three months related to the illness that resulted in the ED visit. RESULTS: We identified 63 T1D and 27 ASD ED visits. Using the Revised Safer Dx instrument, we did not identify any potentially missed opportunities to improve diagnosis in T1D. We found two potential missed opportunities (Safer Dx overall score of 5) in ASD, related to potential for ambulatory medical management to be improved. Over this period, 40 % of T1D and 52 % of ASD patients used communication prior to the ED visit. CONCLUSIONS: Using the Revised Safer Dx instrument, we uncommonly identified missed opportunities to improve diagnosis in patients who presented to the ED with potentially preventable complications of their chronic diseases. Future researchers should consider prospectively collected data as well as development or adaptation of tools like the Safer Dx.

Transition to Weight-Based High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use Outside of the ICU for Bronchiolitis.

Importance: Most children's hospitals have adopted weight-based high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) bronchiolitis protocols for use outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Whether these protocols are achieving their goal of reducing bronchiolitis-related ICU admissions remains unknown. Objective: To measure the association between hospital transition to weight-based non-ICU HFNC use and subsequent ICU admission. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted with a controlled interrupted time series approach and involved 18 children's hospitals that contribute data to the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. The cohort included patients aged 0 to 24 months who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from July 2023 to January 2024. Exposure: Hospital-level transition from ICU-only to weight-based non-ICU protocol for HFNC use. Data for the ICU-only group were obtained from a previously published survey. Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion of patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the ICU. Results: A total of 86 046 patients with bronchiolitis received care from 10 hospitals in the ICU-only group (n = 47 336; 27 850 males [58.8%]; mean [SD] age, 7.6 [6.2] years) and 8 hospitals in the weight-based protocol group (n = 38 710; 22 845 males [59.0%]; mean [SD] age, 7.7 [6.3] years). Mean age and sex were similar for patients between the 2 groups. Hospitals in the ICU-only group vs the weight-based protocol group had higher proportions of Black (26.2% vs 19.8%) and non-Hispanic (81.6% vs 63.8%) patients and patients with governmental insurance (68.1% vs 65.9%). Hospital transition to a weight-based HFNC protocol was associated with a 6.1% (95% CI, 8.7%-3.4%) decrease per year in ICU admission and a 1.5% (95% CI, 2.8%-0.1%) reduction per year in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use compared with the ICU-only group. No differences in mean length of stay or the proportion of patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation were found between groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this cohort study of hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis suggest that transition from ICU-only to weight-based non-ICU HFNC protocols is associated with reduced ICU admission rates.

Getting Started With Multi-site Research: Lessons From the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) Study.

Research in Pediatric Hospital Medicine is growing and expanding rapidly, and with this comes the need to expand single-site research projects into multisite research studies within practice-based research networks. This expansion is crucial to ensure generalizable findings in diverse populations; however, expanding Pediatric Hospital Medicine research projects from single to multisite can be daunting. We provide an overview of major logistical steps and challenges in project management, regulatory approvals, data use agreements, training, communication, and financial management that are germane to hospitalist researchers launching their first multisite project by sharing processes and lessons learned from running multisite research projects in the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network within the Eliminating Monitor Overuse study portfolio. This description is relevant to hospitalist researchers transitioning from single-site to multisite research or those considering serving as site lead for a multisite project.

Frequency of Treatment Failure of UTIs in Children With Congenital Urinary Tract Anomalies.

OBJECTIVES: Children with certain congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and neurogenic bladder (CAKUT/NGB) are at higher risk of treatment failure for urinary tract infections (UTIs) than children with normal genitourinary anatomy, but the literature describing treatment and outcomes is limited. The objectives of this study were to describe the rate of treatment failure in children with CAKUT/NGB and compare duration of antibiotics between those with and without treatment failure. METHODS: Multicenter retrospective cohort of children 0 to 17 years old with CAKUT/NGB who presented to the emergency department with fever or hypothermia and were diagnosed with UTI between 2017 and 2018. The outcome of interest was treatment failure, defined as subsequent emergency department visit or hospitalization for UTI because of the same pathogen within 30 days of the index encounter. Descriptive statistics and univariates analyses were used to compare covariates between groups. RESULTS: Of the 2014 patient encounters identified, 482 were included. Twenty-nine (6.0%) of the 482 included encounters had treatment failure. There was no difference in the mean duration of intravenous antibiotics (3.4 ± 2.5 days, 3.5 ± 2.8 days, P = .87) or total antibiotics between children with and without treatment failure (10.2 ± 3.8 days, 10.8 ± 4.0 days, P = .39) Of note, there was a higher rate of bacteremia in children with treatment failure (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In children with CAKUT/NGB and UTI, 6.0% of encounters had treatment failure. Duration of antibiotics was not associated with treatment failure. Larger studies are needed to assess whether bacteremia modifies the risk of treatment failure.

Enabling, Decagram-Scale Synthesis of Macrocyclic MCL-1 Inhibitor ABBV-467.

ABBV-467 is a highly potent and selective MCL-1 inhibitor that was advanced to a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Due to its large size and structural complexity, ABBV-467 is a challenging synthetic target. Herein, we describe the synthesis of ABBV-467 on a decagram scale, which enabled preclinical characterization. The strategy is convergent and stereoselective, featuring a hindered biaryl cross coupling, enantioselective hydrogenation, and conformationally preorganized macrocyclization by C-O bond formation as key steps.

Promoting data harmonization to evaluate vaccine hesitancy in LMICs: approach and applications.

BACKGROUND: Factors influencing the health of populations are subjects of interdisciplinary study. However, datasets relevant to public health often lack interdisciplinary breath. It is difficult to combine data on health outcomes with datasets on potentially important contextual factors, like political violence or development, due to incompatible levels of geographic support; differing data formats and structures; differences in sampling procedures and wording; and the stability of temporal trends. We present a computational package to combine spatially misaligned datasets, and provide an illustrative analysis of multi-dimensional factors in health outcomes. METHODS: We rely on a new software toolkit, Sub-National Geospatial Data Archive (SUNGEO), to combine data across disciplinary domains and demonstrate a use case on vaccine hesitancy in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We use data from the World Bank's High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) from Kenya, Indonesia, and Malawi. We curate and combine these surveys with data on political violence, elections, economic development, and other contextual factors, using SUNGEO. We then develop a stochastic model to analyze the integrated data and evaluate 1) the stability of vaccination preferences in all three countries over time, and 2) the association between local contextual factors and vaccination preferences. RESULTS: In all three countries, vaccine-acceptance is more persistent than vaccine-hesitancy from round to round: the long-run probability of staying vaccine-acceptant (hesitant) was 0.96 (0.65) in Indonesia, 0.89 (0.21) in Kenya, and 0.76 (0.40) in Malawi. However, vaccine acceptance was significantly less durable in areas exposed to political violence, with percentage point differences (ppd) in vaccine acceptance of -10 (Indonesia), -5 (Kenya), and -64 (Malawi). In Indonesia and Kenya, although not Malawi, vaccine acceptance was also significantly less durable in locations without competitive elections (-19 and -6 ppd, respectively) and in locations with more limited transportation infrastructure (-11 and -8 ppd). CONCLUSION: With SUNGEO, researchers can combine spatially misaligned and incompatible datasets. As an illustrative example, we find that vaccination hesitancy is correlated with political violence, electoral uncompetitiveness and limited access to public goods, consistent with past results that vaccination hesitancy is associated with government distrust.

Epidemiology and Severity of Illness of MIS-C and Kawasaki Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel, severe condition following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Large epidemiologic studies comparing MIS-C to Kawasaki disease (KD) and evaluating the evolving epidemiology of MIS-C over time are lacking. We sought to understand the illness severity of MIS-C compared with KD and evaluate changes in MIS-C illness severity over time during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic compared with KD. METHODS: We included hospitalizations of children with MIS-C and KD from April 2020 to May 2022 from the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database. Our primary outcome measure was the presence of shock, defined as the use of vasoactive/inotropic cardiac support or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We examined the volume of MIS-C and KD hospitalizations and the proportion of hospitalizations with shock over time using 2-week intervals. We compared the proportion of hospitalizations with shock in MIS-C and KD patients over time using generalized estimating equations adjusting for hospital clustering and age, with time as a fixed effect. RESULTS: We identified 4868 hospitalizations for MIS-C and 2387 hospitalizations for KD. There was a higher proportion of hospitalizations with shock in MIS-C compared with KD (38.7% vs 5.1%). In our models with time as a fixed effect, we observed a significant decrease in the odds of shock over time in MIS-C patients (odds ratio 0.98, P < .001) but not in KD patients (odds ratio 1.00, P = .062). CONCLUSIONS: We provide further evidence that MIS-C is a distinct condition from KD. MIS-C was a source of lower morbidity as the pandemic progressed.

Use of design thinking and human factors approach to improve situation awareness in the pediatric intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Optimal design of healthcare spaces can enhance patient care. We applied design thinking and human factors principles to optimize communication and signage on high risk patients to improve situation awareness in a new clinical space for the pediatric ICU. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of these tools in mitigating situation awareness concerns within the new clinical space. We hypothesized that implementing these design-informed tools would either maintain or improve situation awareness. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: A 15-week design thinking process was employed, involving research, ideation, and refinement to develop and implement new situation awareness tools. The process included engagement with interprofessional clinical teams, scenario planning, workflow mapping, iterative feedback collection, and collaboration with an industry partner for signage development and implementation. INTERVENTION: Improved and updated communication devices and bedside mitigation plans. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Process metrics included individual and shared situation awareness of PICU care teams and our patient outcome metric was the rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events pre- and post-transition. RESULTS: When evaluating all patients, shared situation awareness for accurate high-risk status improved from 81% pre-transition to 92% post-transition (p = .006). When assessing individual care team roles, accuracy of patient high-risk status improved from 88% to 95% (p = .05) for RNs, 85% to 96% (p = .003) for residents, and 88% to 95% (p = .03) for RTs. There was no change in the rate of CPR events following the transition.

Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) type III effectiveness-deimplementation cluster-randomized trial: Statistical analysis plan.

Background: Deimplementing overused health interventions is essential to maximizing quality and value while minimizing harm, waste, and inefficiencies. Three national guidelines discourage continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2) monitoring in children who are not receiving supplemental oxygen, but the guideline-discordant practice remains prevalent, making it a prime target for deimplementation. This paper details the statistical analysis plan for the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) SpO2 trial, which compares the effect of two competing deimplementation strategies (unlearning only vs. unlearning plus substitution) on the sustainment of deimplementation of SpO2 monitoring in children with bronchiolitis who are in room air. Methods: The EMO Trial is a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-deimplementation trial with a longitudinal cluster-randomized design, conducted in Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network hospitals. The primary outcome is deimplementation sustainment, analyzed as a longitudinal difference-in-differences comparison between study arms. This analysis will use generalized hierarchical mixed-effects models for longitudinal clustering outcomes. Secondary outcomes include the length of hospital stay and oxygen supplementation duration, modeled using linear mixed-effects regressions. Using the well-established counterfactual approach, we will also perform a mediation analysis of hospital-level mechanistic measures on the association between the deimplementation strategy and the sustainment outcome. Discussion: We anticipate that the EMO Trial will advance the science of deimplementation by providing new insights into the processes, mechanisms, and likelihood of sustained practice change using rigorously designed deimplementation strategies. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan will mitigate reporting bias and support data-driven approaches. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05132322. Registered on 24 November 2021.

Brief report: Improving communication of diagnostic uncertainty to families of hospitalized children.

OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic uncertainty is not reliably communicated to patients and caregivers. This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to effective communication of diagnostic uncertainty, including development of potential tools and strategies for improvement, as perceived by healthcare professionals and caregivers. METHODS: We completed structured interviews with providers and caregivers of hospitalized children with uncertain diagnoses (UD). The interview guides addressed barriers to communication, key components for communication of uncertainty, and qualities of effective communication. The interviews concluded with respondents prioritizing potential interventions to improve communication of uncertainty. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and independently analyzed by two team members to identify common themes. RESULTS: Ten provider and five caregiver interviews were conducted. Common barriers to communication of uncertainty included time constraints, language barriers, and lack of clear definition of UD. Caregiver suggestions for improvement included sharing expectations of the diagnostic process and use of both written and visual communication tools. Interview respondents favored interventions of a sign summarizing the key components of diagnostic uncertainty for display in patient rooms and a structured diagnostic pause during daily rounds. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several potential interventions that may enhance communication of diagnostic uncertainty and better engage patients and caregivers in the diagnostic process.

Quality Improvement to Reduce High-Flow Nasal Cannula Overuse in Children With Bronchiolitis.

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) is increasingly used to treat bronchiolitis. However, HFNC has not reduced time on supplemental oxygen, length of stay (LOS), or ICU admission. Our objective was to reduce HFNC use in children admitted for bronchiolitis from 41% to 20% over 2 years. METHODS: Using quality improvement methods, our multidisciplinary team formulated key drivers, including standardization of HFNC use, effective communication, knowledgeable staff, engaged providers and families, data transparency, and high-value care focus. Interventions included: (1) standardized HFNC initiation criteria, (2) staff education, (3) real-time feedback to providers, (4) a script for providers to use with families about expectations during admission, (5) team huddle for patients admitted on HFNC to discuss necessity, and (6) distribution of a bronchiolitis toolkit. We used statistical process control charts to track the percentage of children with bronchiolitis who received HFNC. Data were compared with a comparison institution not actively involved in quality improvement work around HFNC use to ensure improvements were not secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic alone. RESULTS: Over 10 months of interventions, we saw a decrease in HFNC use for patients admitted with bronchiolitis from 41% to 22%, which was sustained for >12 months. There was no change in HFNC use at the comparison institution. The overall mean LOS for children with bronchiolitis decreased from 60 to 45 hours. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully reduced HFNC use in children with bronchiolitis, improving delivery of high-value and evidence-based care. This reduction was associated with a 25% decrease in LOS.

Garnering effective telehealth to help optimize multidisciplinary team engagement (GET2HOME) for children with medical complexity: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Children and young adults with medical complexity (CMC) experience high rates of healthcare reutilization following hospital discharge. Prior studies have identified common hospital-to-home transition failures that may increase the risk for reutilization, including medication, technology and equipment issues, financial concerns, and confusion about which providers can help with posthospitalization needs. Few interventions have been developed and evaluated for CMC during this transition period. OBJECTIVE: We will compare the effectiveness of the garnering effective telehealth 2 help optimize multidisciplinary team engagement (GET2HOME) transition bundle intervention to the standard hospital-based care coordination discharge process by assessing healthcare reutilization and patient- and family-centered outcomes. DESIGNS, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: We will conduct a pragmatic 2-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the GET2HOME bundle intervention to the standard hospital-based care discharge process on CMC hospitalized and discharged from hospital medicine at two sites of our pediatric medical center between November 2022 and February 2025. CMC of any age will be identified as having complex chronic disease using the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm tool. We will exclude CMC who live independently, live in skilled nursing facilities, are in custody of the county, or are hospitalized for suicidal ideation or end-of-life care. INTERVENTION: We will randomize participants to the bundle intervention or standard hospital-based care coordination discharge process. The bundle intervention includes (1) predischarge telehealth huddle with inpatient providers, outpatient providers, patients, and their families; (2) care management discharge task tracker; and (3) postdischarge telehealth huddle with similar participants within 7 days of discharge. As part of the pragmatic design, families will choose if they want to complete the postdischarge huddle. The standard hospital-based discharge process includes a pharmacist, social worker, and care management support when consulted by the inpatient team but does not include huddles between providers and families. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Primary outcome will be 30-day urgent healthcare reutilization (unplanned readmission, emergency department, and urgent care visits). Secondary outcomes include 7-day urgent healthcare reutilization, patient- and family-reported transition quality, quality of life, and time to return to baseline using electronic health record and surveys at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days following discharge. We will also evaluate heterogeneity of treatment effect for the intervention across levels of financial strain and for CMC with high-intensity neurologic impairment. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle with logistic regression used to study reutilization outcomes and generalized linear mixed modeling to study repeated measures of patient- and family-reported outcomes over time. RESULTS: This pragmatic RCT is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced discharge transition support, including telehealth huddles and a care management discharge tool, for CMC and their families. Enrollment began in November 2022 and is projected to complete in February 2025. Primary analysis completion is anticipated in July 2025 with reporting of results following.

Experiences of Food Pantry Stakeholders and Emergency Food Providers in Rural Minnesota Communities.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the experiences influencing food pantry stakeholders' and emergency food providers' ability to meet their shoppers' needs. DESIGN: We conducted 5 focus groups. SETTING: Food pantries in Minnesota in late 2019 and early 2020. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 37 participants with various roles in the emergency food system. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST: Barriers and challenges facing emergency food providers/stakeholders and practices and resources providers employ. ANALYSIS: We identified major themes using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Participants reported multiple barriers to accessing food pantries, that shopper demographics were changing, and shoppers needed nonfood support, such as personal hygiene items and mental health services. Food pantries required appropriate and sustainable food supplies, additional financial, labor, technical support, and physical infrastructure improvements. Participants described the benefits of their relationship with the University of Minnesota Cooperative Extension, explained how pantries offered healthier foods, highlighted innovative service delivery models, and stressed that their organization connected to many facets of their community. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Food pantries serving rural areas reported meeting community needs by distributing food to their shoppers in an inclusive and health-promoting way but require additional support. These data support nutrition practitioners working to understand the local, place-based context and needs of emergency food providers while building wider and deeper connections between nutrition professionals and the emergency food system.

Variation in Inhaled Medication Use for Infants With Congenital Heart Disease and Bronchiolitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current viral bronchiolitis guidelines exclude infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Variations in the use of common therapeutics in this population and their associations with clinical outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate variations in (1) the use of ß-2-agonists and hypertonic saline across hospitals among infants with CHD hospitalized with bronchiolitis, and (2) hospital-level associations between medication use and outcomes. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study using administrative data from 52 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System. We included infants ≤12 months old hospitalized from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019 for bronchiolitis with a secondary diagnosis of CHD. Primary exposures were the hospital-level proportion of days that patients received ß-2-agonists or hypertonic saline. Linear regression models assessed the association between the primary exposure and length of stay, 7-day readmission, mechanical ventilation use, and ICU utilization, adjusting for patient covariates and accounting for clustering by center. RESULTS: We identified 6846 index hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants with CHD. Overall, 43% received a ß-2-agonist, and 23% received hypertonic saline. The proportion of days with the use of ß-2-agonists (3.6% to 57.4%) and hypertonic saline (0.0% to 65.8%) varied widely across hospitals in our adjusted model. For both exposures, adjusted models revealed no association between days of use and patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: For children with CHD hospitalized with bronchiolitis, hospital-level use of ß-2-agonists and hypertonic saline varied widely, and their use was not associated with clinical outcomes.

Sustainment of continuous pulse oximetry deimplementation: Analysis of Eliminating Monitor Overuse study data from six hospitals.

Using continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO2 ) to monitor children with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen is a form of medical overuse. In this longitudinal analysis from the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) study, we aimed to assess changes in cSpO2 overuse before, during, and after intensive cSpO2 -deimplementation efforts in six hospitals. Monitoring data were collected during three phases: "P1" baseline, "P2" active deimplementation (all sites engaged in education and audit and feedback strategies), and "P3" sustainment (a new baseline measured after strategies were withdrawn). Two thousand and fifty-three observations were analyzed. We found that each hospital experienced reductions during active deimplementation (P2), with overall adjusted cSpO2 overuse decreasing from 53%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (49-57) to 22%, 95% CI: (19-25) between P1 and P2. However, following the withdrawal of deimplementation strategies, overuse rebounded in all six sites, with overall adjusted cSpO2 overuse increasing to 37%, 95% CI: (33-41) in P3.

Perceptions of the Right to Food Among Adults Aged 60 Years and Older.

This study explores perceptions of the right to food and issues around food assistance and access among older adults. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with adults aged 60+ in Iowa, half of whom were food insecure. Most respondents expressed the right to food concerns freedom of choice rather than physical and financial access. The respondents said poor food access was due to improper choices or not accessing food assistance. While respondents believed food insecurity was morally wrong, they also believed current food assistance services are sufficient. These results have important implications for understanding how older adults think about food access.