Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain , Humans , Male , Abdominal Pain/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Pain/etiologyABSTRACT
Pericarditis and myocarditis represent a challenging set of diseases to diagnose and treat. These diseases typically present with chest pain and dyspnea in previously healthy young people, often in the weeks following a viral illness, including COVID-19. Nonetheless, the etiologies can be very diverse, including infectious, noninfectious, drug-induced, and autoimmune causes. This review focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of emergency department patients presenting with pericarditis and myocarditis and summarizes current guidelines and best-practice medical management strategies in order to avoid potential life-threatening cardiac complications.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Myocarditis , Pericarditis , Humans , Adolescent , Myocarditis/diagnosis , Myocarditis/therapy , Myocarditis/etiology , COVID-19/therapy , Pericarditis/diagnosis , Pericarditis/therapy , Pericarditis/etiology , Emergency Service, Hospital , Diagnosis, Differential , COVID-19 TestingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nocardia infection is a very rare bacterial infection caused by Gram-positive, aerobic nocardia species. However, in recent years, it has become a serious infection in immunocompromised patients. Earlier diagnosis plays a pivotal in the effective treatment of nocardia infection. METHODS: In this study, we reported a 65-year-old male patient with nephrotic syndrome who had disseminated abscesses in the lungs, right lower limb, and right cheek. RESULTS: Bacterial culture from these lesions confirmed the presence of nocardia. Timely administration of sensitive antibiotics resulted in a quick recovery for this patient. CONCLUSIONS: Nocardia infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious lesions, especially when a patient has multiple abscesses and an underlying disorder in which the immune function of the patient may be compromised.
Subject(s)
Nephrotic Syndrome/complications , Nocardia Infections , Aged , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Lung Abscess , Male , Nocardia , Skin Diseases, BacterialABSTRACT
Interluekin-9 (IL-9) is produced predominantly by helper T cells such as Th2 and Th9 cells. It normally functions through the activation of a JAK/STAT pathway and plays a critical role in immunity and the pathogenesis of cancer. In cancer, it yields different responses depending on the cancer cell line involved. This review is a summary of what is known about the involvement of IL-9 in various cancer cell lines as well as its role in immunity with a focus on allergic responses.
