Association of the CYP2B6 gene with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a Brazilian Amazon population.

OBJECTIVES: The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge owing to the high incidence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two gene polymorphisms, one in the CYP2B6 (rs3745274) gene and one in the CYP3A5 (rs776746) gene, on the development of hepatotoxicity in patients treated with anti-TB drugs in a Brazilian Amazon population. METHODS: TB patients who were treated with anti-TB drugs were examined for hepatotoxicity, an adverse effect that is characterized by liver damage. The genotype frequencies of the CYP2B6 and CYP3A5 genes examined in this study were assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-one of the 220 subjects (14.1%) included in this study developed drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The result was significant when the TT homozygous mutant of the CYP2B6 gene was analyzed with additional key variables (p=0.046; odds ratio (OR) 0.063, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004-0.955), which may explain the hepatotoxicity results in this study. Using a univariate statistical model to associate the CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism with the examined drugs, the results did not differ between samples from individuals with and without hepatotoxicity (p=0.176; OR 0.562, 95% CI 0.255-1.238). CONCLUSIONS: The G516T polymorphism in the CYP2B6 gene is a key predictor of the therapeutic response to treatment in TB patients.

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontictreatment in Portuguese adult population / Prevalência da periodontite apical e tratamentoendodôntico na população adulta portuguesa

Introduction: Studies on the prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in Portugal are scarce and outdated. However, studies in other countries have shown that the prevalence of apical periodontitis is high, especially in endodontic treated teeth. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of root-filled teeth and apical periodontitis in an adult Portuguese population. Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of a random sample of 222 subjects over 18 years old, who had more than seven teeth, and went to the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Porto, for the first time in 2010, were examined. The number of teeth that were root-filled and the periapical status of all teeth were assessed. Results: Apical periodontitis (PAI ≥ 3) was found in 1.7% of all teeth in the population study. Out of 5.552 teeth, 215 (3.9%) had filled roots. The prevalence of apical periodontitis was greater for root-filled teeth, posterior teeth, and men. The prevalence of apical periodontitis is also increased with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of apical periodontitis in Portugal is similar to its prevalence in other European countries and is higher for root-filled teeth than for non-treated teeth. The prevalence of root-filled teeth is different for Portugal than for other countries, which may be due to the differences in healthcare services provided in various countries.

Introdução: Estudos sobre a prevalência da periodontite apical e o tratamento endodôntico em Portugal são raros e desatualizados. Contudo, estudos noutros países revelaram que a prevalência da periodontite apical é alta, especialmente em dentes com tratamento endodôntico. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de tratamento endodôntico e periodontite apical em uma população adulta portuguesa. Materiais e métodos: Foram examinadas radiografias panorâmicas de uma amostra aleatória de 222 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, que tiveram mais de sete dentes, e que atenderam a Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Porto pela primeira vez em 2010. O número de dentes que receberam tratamento endodôntico e o estado periapical de todos os dentes foi avaliado. Resultados: Encontrou-se periodontite apical (PAI ≥ 3) em 1,7% de todos os dentes na população do estudo. De um total de 5.552 dentes, 215 (3,9%) apresentavam tratamento endodôntico. A prevalência de periodontite apical foi maior para dentes com canal tratado, dentes posteriores e homens. A prevalência de periodontite apical também aumentou com a idade. Conclusão: A prevalência de periodontite apical em Portugal é semelhante à sua prevalência em outros países europeus e é maior para dentes com canal tratado do que para os dentes não tratados. A prevalência de dentes com canal tratado é diferente em Portugal, comparado a outros países, em razão de diferenças nos cuidados de saúde prestados nos países.

Comparação de quatro protocolos anestésicos para a coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos / Comparison of four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro protocolos de anestesia para a coleta de sêmen em gatos domésticos por eletroejaculação (EEJ). Quatorze gatos foram anestesiados com cetamina/xilazina (protocolo A), tiletamina/ zolazepam (protocolo B), tiletamina/ zolazepam e tramadol Protocolo C), e isoflurano (protocolo D) e foram submetidos a 3 séries de choques elétricos (20–60 mA). Os parâmetros de qualidade seminal, volume, a presença de espermatozóides e a contaminação por urina foram avaliados para todos os protocolos após eletroejaculação. O sucesso na obtenção de ejaculado foi de 84,62% (11/13); 92,31% (12/13); 92,31% (12/13) e 100% (14/14), respectivamente para os protocolos A, B, C e D. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram encontradas para motilidade, vigor e volume seminal. O protocolo de anestésico com isoflurano é eficientemente indicado para coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos.

This study compares four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats. Fourteen tomcats were anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine (protocol A), tiletamine/ zolazepam (protocol B), tiletamine/ zolazepam and tramadol (protocol C), and isofluorane (protocol D) and submitted to three series of electric stimuli (20 – 60 mA). The parameters of semen quality, volume, spermatozoa presence and urine contamination were analyzed for all protocols after electroejaculation. The success in obtaining ejaculate was 84.62% (11/13); 92.31% (12/13); 92.31% (12/13) and 100% (14/14), respectively for protocols A, B, C and D protocols. Significant differences in motility, vigor and seminal volume were observed among the groups. The inhalation anesthetic protocol with isofluorane is thus efficient for semen collection in domestic cats by electroejaculation

Comparação de quatro protocolos anestésicos para a coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos / Comparison of four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro protocolos de anestesia para a coleta de sêmen em gatos domésticos por eletroejaculação (EEJ). Quatorze gatos foram anestesiados com cetamina/xilazina (protocolo A), tiletamina/ zolazepam (protocolo B), tiletamina/ zolazepam e tramadol Protocolo C), e isoflurano (protocolo D) e foram submetidos a 3 séries de choques elétricos (20–60 mA). Os parâmetros de qualidade seminal, volume, a presença de espermatozóides e a contaminação por urina foram avaliados para todos os protocolos após eletroejaculação. O sucesso na obtenção de ejaculado foi de 84,62% (11/13); 92,31% (12/13); 92,31% (12/13) e 100% (14/14), respectivamente para os protocolos A, B, C e D. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram encontradas para motilidade, vigor e volume seminal. O protocolo de anestésico com isoflurano é eficientemente indicado para coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos.(AU)

This study compares four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats. Fourteen tomcats were anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine (protocol A), tiletamine/ zolazepam (protocol B), tiletamine/ zolazepam and tramadol (protocol C), and isofluorane (protocol D) and submitted to three series of electric stimuli (20 60 mA). The parameters of semen quality, volume, spermatozoa presence and urine contamination were analyzed for all protocols after electroejaculation. The success in obtaining ejaculate was 84.62% (11/13); 92.31% (12/13); 92.31% (12/13) and 100% (14/14), respectively for protocols A, B, C and D protocols. Significant differences in motility, vigor and seminal volume were observed among the groups. The inhalation anesthetic protocol with isofluorane is thus efficient for semen collection in domestic cats by electroejaculation(AU)

Effect of mitomycin-C on the bioavailability of the radiopharmaceutical (99m)technetium-phytic acid in mice: a model to evaluate the toxicological effect of a chemical drug.

The many desirable characteristics of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) have stimulated the development of labelling techniques for different molecular and cellular structures. It is generally accepted that a variety of factors can alter the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals and one such factor is drug therapy. Because patients on chemotherapeutic treatment receive a radiopharmaceutical in a nuclear medicine procedure, we have studied in Balb/c mice the effect of mitomycin-C on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc-phytic acid ((99m)Tc-PHY) used in hepatic scintigraphy. Mitomycin-C is an antineoplastic agent obtained from Streptomyces caesptosus and is used on the treatment of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas. Three doses of mitomycin-C were administered via the ocular plexus into Balb/c mice. One hour after the last dose, (99m)Tc-PHY was administered and the animals were sacrificed. The organs were isolated, the radioactivity was determined in a well counter and the percentages of radioactivity in the organs were calculated. The results have shown that the percentage radioactivity has been increased in stomach, spleen, lung, thyroid and bone, decreased in pancreas and thymus and not altered in ovary, uterus, kidney, heart, liver and brain. The changes in the distribution of (99m)Tc-PHY may be the result of metabolic processes and/or therapeutic actions produced by the administration of mitomycin-C.

Depressäo em mulheres mastectomizadas / Depression among womam mastectomy

O presente trabalho consiste num estudo descritivo analítico que objetiva verificar a frequência de depressäo em mulheres mastectomizadas atendidas no ambulatório de um hospital filantrópico da cidade de Salvador-Ba, identificando a relaçäo entre a depressäo e fatores demográficos, fisiopatológicos e psicossiciais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma frequência elevada de depressäo em mulheres mastectomizadas (trinta e cinco por cento), evidenciando uma relaçäo significante entre depressäo em mulheres mastectomizadas e as variáveis faixa etária, situaçäo conjugal, migraçäo, antecedentes pessoais e familiares de doença mental, uso de quimioterapia, complicaçöes pós-mastectomia, atividade profissional, contribuiçäo com a renda familiar, atividade sexual, conhecimento do diagnóstico da doença, convivência, prática religiosa e percepçäo de perda. Näo houve relaçäo significante no estudo das variáveis dor e escolaridade