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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(4): 493-499, abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546686

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Pouco se sabe sobre a resposta cardiorrespiratória e metabólica em crianças saudáveis durante teste de esforço progressivo máximo. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que as crianças apresentam respostas diferentes nos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e metabólicos durante teste de esforço progressivo máximo em comparação aos adultos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco crianças saudáveis (sexo, 15M/10F; idade, 10,2 ± 0,2) e 20 adultos saudáveis (sexo, 11M/9F; idade, 27,5 ± 0,4) foram submetidos a um teste cardiopulmonar progressivo em esteira ergométrica até a exaustão para determinar a capacidade aeróbia máxima e limiar anaeróbio ventilatório (LAV). RESULTADOS: A carga de pico (5,9 ± 0,1 vs 5,6 ± 0,1 mph, respectivamente; p > 0,05), tempo de exercício (9,8 ± 0,4 vs 10,2 ± 0,4 min, respectivamente, p > 0,05), e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2pico, 39,4 ± 2,1 vs 39,1 ± 2,0 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectivamente, p > 0,05) foram semelhantes em crianças e adultos. No limiar anaeróbio ventilatório, a frequência cardíaca, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, a frequência respiratória (FR), o espaço morto funcional estimado (VD/VT), o equivalente ventilatório de oxigênio (VE/VO2) e a pressão expiratória final do oxigênio (PETO2) foram maiores nas crianças, enquanto o volume corrente (VC), pulso de O2 e a pressão expiratória final do dióxido de carbono (PETCO2) foram menores. No pico do exercício, as crianças apresentaram FR e VD/VT superiores. No entanto, o pulso de O2, o VC, a ventilação pulmonar, o PETCO2 e a razão de troca respiratória foram menores nas crianças do que em adultos. CONCLUSÃO: Respostas cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas durante o teste de esforço progressivo são diferentes em crianças em comparação aos adultos. Especificamente, essas diferenças sugerem que as crianças têm menor eficiência cardiovascular e respiratória. No entanto, as crianças apresentaram maior eficiência metabólica durante o teste de esforço. Em resumo, apesar das diferenças observadas, ...


BACKGROUND: Little is known about cardiorespiratory and metabolic response in healthy children during progressive maximal exercise test. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that children show different responses in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters during progressive maximal exercise test when compared with adults. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy children (gender, 15M/10F; age, 10.2 ± 0.2) and 20 healthy adults (gender, 11M/9F; age, 27.5 ± 0.4) underwent a progressive treadmill cardiopulmonary test until exhaustion to determine the maximal aerobic capacity and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT). RESULTS: The peak workload (5.9±0.1 vs 5.6±0.1 mph, respectively; p>0.05), exercise time (9.8±0.4 vs 10.2±0.4 min, respectively; p>0.05), and relative aerobic fitness (VO2peak, 39.4±2.1 vs 39.1±2.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively; p>0.05) were similar in children and adults. At ventilatory anaerobic threshold, the heart rate, VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1, respiratory rate (RR), functional estimate of dead space (VD/VT), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) and end-tidal pressure for oxygen (PETO2) were higher in children, while tidal volume (VT), O2 pulse and end-tidal pressure for carbon dioxide (PETCO2) were lower. At peak of exercise, children showed higher RR and VD/VT. However, O2 pulse, VT, pulmonary ventilation, PETCO2 and respiratory exchange ratio were lower in children than adults. CONCLUSION: Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during progressive exercise test are different in children as compared to adults. Specifically, these differences suggest that children have lower cardiovascular and ventilatory efficiency. However, children showed higher metabolic efficiency during exercise. In summary, despite the differences observed, children showed similar levels of exercising capacity when compared with adults.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Exercise Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution
2.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 94(4): 493-9, 2010 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20209372

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Little is known about cardiorespiratory and metabolic response in healthy children during progressive maximal exercise test. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that children show different responses in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters during progressive maximal exercise test when compared with adults. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy children (gender, 15M/10F; age, 10.2 +/- 0.2) and 20 healthy adults (gender, 11M/9F; age, 27.5 +/- 0.4) underwent a progressive treadmill cardiopulmonary test until exhaustion to determine the maximal aerobic capacity and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT). RESULTS: The peak workload (5.9+/-0.1 vs 5.6+/-0.1 mph, respectively; p>0.05), exercise time (9.8+/-0.4 vs 10.2+/-0.4 min, respectively; p>0.05), and relative aerobic fitness (VO(2)peak, 39.4+/-2.1 vs 39.1+/-2.0 ml*kg(-1)*min-1, respectively; p>0.05) were similar in children and adults. At ventilatory anaerobic threshold, the heart rate, VO(2) ml*kg(-1)*min-1, respiratory rate (RR), functional estimate of dead space (VD/VT), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO(2)) and end-tidal pressure for oxygen (PETO2) were higher in children, while tidal volume (VT), O(2) pulse and end-tidal pressure for carbon dioxide (PETCO(2)) were lower. At peak of exercise, children showed higher RR and VD/VT. However, O(2) pulse, VT, pulmonary ventilation, PETCO(2) and respiratory exchange ratio were lower in children than adults. CONCLUSION: Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during progressive exercise test are different in children as compared to adults. Specifically, these differences suggest that children have lower cardiovascular and ventilatory efficiency. However, children showed higher metabolic efficiency during exercise. In summary, despite the differences observed, children showed similar levels of exercising capacity when compared with adults.


Subject(s)
Exercise Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Adult , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Female , Humans , Male
3.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 86(6): 451-8, 2006 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16810419

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictive value of respiratory, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables obtained during the cardiopulmonary stress test for the risk of death in patients with heart failure. METHODS: Eighty-seven NYHA Functional Class II and III patients were analyzed, ages 51 +/- 0.5 years, 26 of them with Chagas' disease, 30 with coronary ischemia, and 31 with idiopathic etiology. The cardiopulmonary stress test consisted of a ramp-protocol with 5 to 15 W/min workload increments performed on a bicycle-ergonometer until exhaustion. RESULTS: In this study, the multiple Cox regression analysis of age, height, weight, body surface, and gender showed that these parameters were not statistically significant control factors. Oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide production, oxygen pulse, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and peak exercise proved to be important death predictors in heart failure patients. The relationship between the increase in carbon dioxide output as a function of the increase in minute ventilation, and the association between the oxygen uptake increase and the elevation of the workload from the beginning of exercise to the anaerobic threshold were statistically significant predictors of death in heart failure patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The cardiopulmonary stress test makes it possible to evaluate ventilatory, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables that may be utilized as important markers of life prognosis in these patients.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/physiology , Cardiac Output, Low/mortality , Exercise Test , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Cardiac Output, Low/physiopathology , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 86(6): 451-458, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430214

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor preditivo de variáveis respiratórias, metabólicas e hemodinâmicas, no teste de esforço cardiopulmonar, para óbito em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 87 pacientes em classe funcional II e III da NYHA, faixa etária de 51±0,5 anos, dos quais 26 eram de etiologia chagásica, 30 isquêmica e 31 idiopática. O teste de esforço cardiopulmonar consistiu de protocolo em rampa com incremento de 5 a 15W/min, realizado em cicloergômetro, até a exaustão. RESULTADOS: A análise dos fatores de controle, realizada com regressão múltipla de Cox, mostrou que a idade, estatura, peso, superfície corporal e sexo não foram estatisticamente significativos. O consumo de oxigênio, o equivalente ventilatório de oxigênio, o equivalente ventilatório de dióxido de carbono, o pulso de oxigênio, a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração, no limiar anaeróbio, no ponto de compensação respiratória e no pico do exercício apresentaram-se como importantes preditores de óbito. A relação do aumento de dióxido de carbono como função da elevação da ventilação minuto e a relação do aumento do consumo de oxigênio e da elevação da carga de trabalho do início do exercício até o limiar anaeróbio apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa com óbito (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O teste de esforço cardiopulmonar possibilita a avaliação de variáveis ventilatórias, metabólicas e hemodinâmicas, que podem ser utilizadas como marcadores importantes do prognóstico de vida, nesses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Carbon Dioxide/physiology , Cardiac Output, Low/mortality , Exercise Test , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Cardiac Output, Low/physiopathology , Echocardiography, Doppler , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index
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