Novel Asymmetric Y Design of Fascial Sling for Restoration of Oral Competence and Adequate Mouth Opening in Oral Commissure Defects Post-Malignancy Resection.

Reconstruction of through-and-through defects of cheek and commissure resulting from cancer resection are challenging. The specialized function of oral competence that the oral commissure and lip play is difficult to replicate with flap only reconstruction. Static slings play an important role in improving the functional and aesthetic outcome. The asymmetric "y" fascial sling helps in achieving the goals of oral competence along with adequate mouth opening. A total of 10 patients were operated by this technique. The results were satisfactory in terms of functional and aesthetic outcome postsurgery and were maintained 6 months postradiation.

Papillon Flap-Design Modification of ALT Flap for Circumferential Laryngopharyngeal Defect.

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap is a commonly used flap for reconstruction of circumferential laryngopharyngeal defects. The flap is harvested as an ellipse and tubed along its length. We would like to present a design modification of the ALT flap where the tubing of the flap is done along the width of the flap. This design has advantages as it allows for a two-layered closure without the harvest of additional tissue and provides skin for neck coverage also. After inset, the flap resembles a butterfly, hence the name "Papillon Flap."

Non-COVID-19 Cutaneous Mucormycosis from a Plastic Surgical Perspective.

Background Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare and fulminant infection associated with high mortality. Plastic surgeons come across this infection in the settings of road traffic accidents, surgical site infections, and as a secondary infection with underlying bacterial soft tissue infections. Due to this infection's rarity and aggressive course, it is essential to initiate prompt multidisciplinary management at the first presentation. With this study, we aim to present a protocol for managing the condition. Methods This is a retrospective observational study of patients with cutaneous mucormycosis managed at a tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2016 to November 30, 2022 excluding patients with mucormycosis who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019. Results Of 24 patients, 22 were males, and most were in the age group of 41 to 60 years. Sixteen patients survived and five out of eight deceased had comorbidities, six presented primarily without prior debridement, and six had trunk involvement. Conclusion A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis and management of patients with invasive cutaneous mucormycosis. A multidisciplinary approach with appropriate medical and surgical management can improve outcomes in cases that otherwise carry a high mortality rate.

Feasibility of Customised Polymethyl Methacrylate Implants Fabricated Using 3D Printed Flexible Moulds for Correction of Facial Skeletal Deformities.

INTRODUCTION: Use of patient specific Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implants for the reconstruction of cranial defects has become a standard practice with excellent long-term results. However, for the reconstruction of midface and mandibular osseous defects other alloplastic materials are preferred but their use is limited due to high cost. This is a report of our experience with the use of low-cost patient specific PMMA implants fabricated using 3D printed moulds in the reconstruction of osseous defects involving different areas of the facial skeleton not limited to cranium. METHODS: The 25 consecutive patients with craniofacial osseous defects who underwent reconstruction using customized PMMA implants were analyzed. All PMMA implants were fabricated intraoperatively with the use of 3D printed flexible moulds or templates. RESULTS: A total of 34 implants were used in 25 consecutive patients. Out of 34 implants 25 were used for midface and mandibular osseous defects. Most common etiology was post-traumatic deformity (n = 19) followed by tumor (n = 3), craniofacial anomalies (n = 2) and post-craniotomy (n = 1). One patient out of 25 (n = 1) had postoperative implant exposure. The follow-up was ranged from 3 to 19 months with an average of 12 months. The aesthetic outcome was found to be good to excellent with mean visual analogue score of 4.08. CONCLUSIONS: Polymethyl methacrylate implants fabricated intraoperatively using 3D printed moulds provide accurate and precise reconstruction at an exceptionally low cost. PMMA has an excellent moulding property with low infection rates. As shown in our study its application may be easily extended to all areas of the craniofacial skeleton.

Single Stage Nasal Reconstruction in a Near Total Nasal Defect.

Reconstruction of nasal defect is difficult and challenging. A full-thickness defect of nose requires reconstruction of thin inner lining, middle skeletal (bony/cartilaginous) support, and outer skin layer cover. Large full-thickness defects of nose require complex multistage reconstruction to achieve good functional and aesthetic result. We present here a case of 12-year-old boy, a known case of xeroderma pigmentosa, who underwent wide local excision for squamous cell carcinoma of the nose, leaving a near total defect of the external nose. The reconstruction was done with a suprafascial, thin radial artery forearm free-flap for the external cover as well as the inner lining along with the septal cartilage graft for skeletal support in a single stage.

Minimising the donor area morbidity of radial forearm phalloplasty using prefabricated thigh flap: A new technique.

Phalloplasty is indicated in various conditions of penile loss or absence. There are numerous techniques for phalloplasty including the pedicle and free flaps with the ultimate goal of micturition in standing position, attaining adequate size, aesthesis and sensations for sexual intercourse. Radial forearm phalloplasty is the gold standard flap to achieve above results but gives a very bad scar on the forearm. We present a technique of using prefabricated thigh flap to reduce the morbidity of donor area. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral pedicle was placed in a subcutaneous plane over tissue expander. After attaining an adequate size of flap with tissue expansion, it was delayed 3 weeks before phalloplasty. Prefabricated flap was thin and of large size replicating the radial forearm flap used for phalloplasty. Whole forearm defect was covered with the thigh flap, and the thigh could be closed primarily. This new technique of using prefabricated thigh flap has significantly reduced the donor site morbidity both aesthetically and functionally without the use of skin grafting in the whole procedure.

Replantation in scapulothoracic avulsion amputation of the right upper limb in a 3-year-old child- A preliminary report.

Replantations for major amputations of upper extremity have been widely performed. We report a unique case of successful replantation of scapulothoracic avulsion amputation in a child. In this manuscript, we discuss the various challenges faced during the procedure and chances of neural recovery.

A case series of flow-through free anterolateral thigh flap to augment the vascularity of ischaemic limbs with soft tissue defect.

INTRODUCTION: In a world of fast moving vehicles, heavy machinery and industries crush injury to limbs with vascular compromise and soft tissue defect is common. The traditional treatment is a 2 step one dealing with vascular repair and soft tissue cover separately, in the same operation. We report a series of single step vascular repair and soft tissue cover with flow through anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) flap for limb salvage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with soft tissue defect and vascular injury were included in this study. A two team approach was used to minimise operative time, team one prepared the vessels and team 2 harvested the flap. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: Of the ten patients operated (8 males), eight flaps were done for upper limb and two for lower limb salvage. Six anastomosis were done with ulnar vessels, two with radial and two with posterior tibial vessels. Nine extremities could be salvaged while one patient developed progressive thrombosis leading to amputation. CONCLUSION: The ALT flow-through flap is a versatile single step procedure that can be used to salvage an ischemic limb with soft tissue loss avoiding the need for interpositional vein graft.

A simple and rapid method of repeated tie over dressing.

Tie overdressing is commonly used to secure the graft against the raw surface and prevent loss due to of hematoma or seroma. A conventional tie over dressing with silk sutures, is a useful method of securing the graft to raw area. Refixation is difficult when repeated tie over dressings are needed. We assessed a low cost repeated tie over dressing method using sterile sample collection containers and silk suture threads in eight patients. After the graft is applied on the bed, tie-over stitches are taken, and paraffin gauze is applied over with adequate padding; the tie over sutures are passed through the container and the lid is tightened over it to complete the dressing. The lid can be unscrewed easily at any time to inspect the graft and can be easily reapplied in the outpatient department. The skin graft take in all the patients was complete without any seroma or hematoma. A novel and low-cost tie over dressing that enables simple fixation of the dressing, to maintain proper position of grafts that require repeated fixation is reported here.

Pedicle streaking: A novel and simple aid in pedicle positioning in free tissue transfer.

INTRODUCTION: The pedicle positioning in free tissue transfer is critical to its success. Long thin pedicles are especially prone to this complication where even a slight twist in the perforator can result in flap loss. Pedicles passing through the long tunnels are similarly at risk. Streaking the pedicle with methylene blue is a simple and safe method which increases the safety of free tissue transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Once the flap is islanded on the pedicle and the vascularity of the flap is confirmed, the pedicle is streaked with methylene blue dye at a distance of 6-7 mm. The streaking starts from the origin of the vessels and continued distally on to the under surface of flap to mark the complete course of the pedicle in alignment. The presence of streaking in some parts and not in rest indicates twist in the pedicle. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty five free flaps have been done at our centre in the last 5 years. The overall success rate of free flaps is 95.3% (22 free flap failures). There has not been a single case of pedicle twist leading to flap congestion and failure. CONCLUSION: This simple and novel method is very reliable for pedicle positioning avoiding any twist necessary for successful free tissue transfer.