ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To characterize the quality of life (QOL) in the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) for factors associated with baseline score, relation of score to prognosis, and response to therapy with a fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (FDC I/H). Limited data exist on QOL scores in African-American heart failure patients or on the prognostic value of theses scores in any population. Finally, the effect of FDC I/H on QOL scores, particularly in A-HeFT, is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: A-HeFT randomized 1050 African-American patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III-IV heart failure and systolic dysfunction. QOL measurements using Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were done at baseline and 3-month intervals. At baseline, worse MLHFQ scores were associated with younger age, female sex, greater body mass index, nonischemic etiology, high heart rate and NYHA Class, low systolic blood pressure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both baseline and change in MLHFQ score were associated with a higher risk for combined all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization (baseline P < .0001, change at 3 months P=.001, and at 6 months P=.0008), but not mortality. Treatment with FDC I/H significantly improved MLHFQ score compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In A-HeFT, baseline QOL (MLHFQ) scores and change in score were predictive of combined HF morbidity and mortality outcomes. FDC I/H consistently improved QOL scores in A-HeFT compared with placebo.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/ethnology , Black or African American/psychology , Heart Failure/ethnology , Heart Failure/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Adult , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Research Design/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
The benefits of fixed-dose combination isosorbide dinitrate plus hydralazine (ID/H) in African-Americans with heart failure (HF) were established by the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT), which was terminated early because of a significant survival benefit of ID/H. The Extension to A-HeFT trial (X-A-HeFT), designed to make ID/H available for ethical reasons after A-HeFT termination, afforded an opportunity to further observe responsiveness and compliance with ID/H. In total 198 patients completing the A-HeFT took ID/H for an additional 209 +/- 116 days. Their age (57 +/- 13 years), cause and duration of HF, and HF medications were not different from all A-HeFT patients. New York Heart Association class at X-A-HeFT baseline was > or =III in 51% of patients versus 100% of all patients at A-HeFT baseline, remained unchanged in most patients, improved in 24%, and worsened in only 9% during X-A-HeFT. The average number of ID/H tablets taken during X-A-HeFT was 3.7 +/- 1.8 per day with compliance averaging 87 +/- 25%. The most common adverse events, headache (34%) and dizziness (16%), were less than in patients taking ID/H in A-HeFT, with only 6% discontinuations for adverse events. The 6% annualized mortality rate in X-A-HeFT was the same as for ID/H in A-HeFT. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics or outcomes in X-A-HeFT patients analyzed according to their A-HeFT randomization. In conclusion, these results confirm the good compliance, tolerability, and responsiveness, with low mortality and improved symptoms, during treatment with ID/H observed in A-HeFT.