Effect of food processing (fish burger preparation and frying) on residual levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

The influence of fish burger preparation and frying on residual levels of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was evaluated. For this purpose, a high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method for the quantitation of ENR and CIP residues in tilapia products (fillet, raw fish burger and fried fish burger) was developed and validated based on European and Brazilian guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished by extraction with acidified acetonitrile followed by clean-up with hexane. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a C18 column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (85:15 v:v). The analytical method showed suitable performance to quantify the residual levels of ENR and CIP in the studied matrices. No reduction in the residual levels of ENR and CIP was observed during fish burger preparation and only a 10% reduction occurred as a consequence of frying, indicating that both compounds were stable to the preparation of the fish burger and to frying conditions.

Effects of photobiomodulation on interleukin-10 and nitrites in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - Randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the expression of IL-10 and nitrites in individuals with Relapsing-Remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), as these biomarkers play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of the disease. The modulation of IL-10 and nitrites through treatment with PBM may be a novel treatment modality for MS. METHODS: A randomized, uncontrolled, clinical trial was conducted involving 14 individuals with a diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS and a score of up to 6.0 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). THE PARTICIPANTS WERE RANDOMIZED TO TWO GROUPS: Group 1 -PBM in the sublingual region; Group 2 -PBM over the radial artery. Irradiation was administered with a wavelength of 808 nm and output power of 100 mW for 360 seconds twice a week, totaling 24 sessions. Peripheral blood was analyzed for the determination of serum levels of IL-10 and nitrites. RESULTS: After treatment with PBM, the expression of IL-10 increased in both the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 2.8 ± 1.4 pg/ml; post-treatment: 8.3 ± 2.4 pg/ml) and the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 2.7 pg/ml ± 1.4; post-treatment: 11.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml). In contrast, nitrite levels were not modulated in the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 65 ± 50 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 51 ± 42 nmol/mg protein) or the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 51 ± 16 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 42 ± 7 nmol/mg protein). CONCLUSION: Treatment with PBM positively modulated the expression of IL-10 but had no effect on nitrite levels. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample and a control group, as PBM may be a promising complementary treatment for the management of MS. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03360487.

Association of oral mucosa hyperpigmentation with imatinib mesylate use: a cross-sectional study and a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between oral mucosa hyperpigmentation in patients with leukemia and imatinib mesylate use. Additionally, we compared our data to those obtained from a systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 patients undergoing treatment with imatinib mesylate. Sociodemographic characteristics, oral mucosa alterations, and medical history were evaluated. Oral hyperpigmentation was scored. The use of imatinib mesylate and hydroxyurea was evaluated. Association between oral hyperpigmentation and imatinib mesylate was assessed. A systematic review was also conducted to retrieve case reports or case series of patients with oral hyperpigmentation associated with imatinib mesylate. RESULTS: Among the 74 participants, 41 were male (55.4%) and 33 were female (44.6%). Participants' mean age was 49.3 years. Sixty-six (89.2%) patients developed hyperpigmented lesions in the hard palate mucosa. In multivariate analysis, patients who had used imatinib mesylate for > 72 months had a hyperpigmentation score 1.62 times higher than those who had used this medication during a shorter period. Patients who had used hydroxyurea for > 30 days had a hyperpigmentation score 1.43 times higher than those who had used this medication during a shorter period. The systematic review retrieved 20 clinical cases of patients undergoing imatinib mesylate treatment and exhibiting oral hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The development of oral hyperpigmentation is associated with imatinib mesylate use. Hydroxyurea seems to increment such an association. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To assist providers in the differential diagnosis of hyperpigmented lesions associated with imatinib mesylate, as well as in the clinical management of such lesions.

Oral health-related quality of life among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison with individuals with no RA. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 112 individuals distributed into two groups. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 42 RA individuals and group 2 (G2) consisted of 70 individuals without RA. Participants' OHRQoL was assessed by means of the long form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). The OHIP has 49 questions distributed across seven domains: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap. The overall score ranges between 0 and 196. A higher score denotes a greater negative impact on OHRQoL. All participants underwent oral examination for the evaluation of clinical variables. Sociodemographic and oral behavior variables were also collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analysis. RESULTS: Individuals in G1 presented higher OHIP overall score (p = 0.006) than G2 individuals. G1 individuals also presented higher scores in the functional limitation (p = 0.003) and the physical disability (p = 0.005) domains than G2 individuals. Individuals with RA (p = 0.044), individuals who brushed their teeth less often (p = 0.019), and those with a higher number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) (p = 0.038) presented a significantly higher OHIP-49 overall score (more negative perception of their OHRQoL) than individuals without RA, individuals who brushed their teeth more often, and those with a lower DMFT. CONCLUSION: RA individuals had a more negative perception of their OHRQoL compared with individuals with no RA.

Serological profile of John Cunningham virus (JCV) in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have changed over the last few years, bringing about a new category of drugs with more efficient profiles. However, these drugs have come with a whole new profile of potential adverse events that neurologists have to learn well and quickly. One of the most feared complications of these MS treatments is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV). OBJECTIVE: To identify the serologic profile of JCV in patients with MS. METHODS: Data on serum antibodies for JCV were obtained using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provided by the STRATIFY-JCV program. RESULTS: A total of 1,501 blood tests were obtained from 1,102 patients with MS. There were 633 patients (57.1%) who were positive for antibodies for JCV and 469 patients who were negative (42.9%). Twenty-three patients became positive after initially having negative JCV antibody status. The rate of seroconversion was 18.5% over 22 months. CONCLUSION: The JCV serologic profile and seroconversion in Brazilian patients were similar to those described in other countries.

Serological profile of John Cunningham virus (JCV) in patients with multiple sclerosis / Perfil sorológico do vírus John Cunningham (JCV) em pacientes com esclerose múltipla

ABSTRACT Treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have changed over the last few years, bringing about a new category of drugs with more efficient profiles. However, these drugs have come with a whole new profile of potential adverse events that neurologists have to learn well and quickly. One of the most feared complications of these MS treatments is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV). Objective: To identify the serologic profile of JCV in patients with MS. Methods: Data on serum antibodies for JCV were obtained using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provided by the STRATIFY-JCV program. Results: A total of 1,501 blood tests were obtained from 1,102 patients with MS. There were 633 patients (57.1%) who were positive for antibodies for JCV and 469 patients who were negative (42.9%). Twenty-three patients became positive after initially having negative JCV antibody status. The rate of seroconversion was 18.5% over 22 months. Conclusion: The JCV serologic profile and seroconversion in Brazilian patients were similar to those described in other countries.

RESUMO As opções terapêuticas para esclerose múltipla (EM) modificaram-se ao longo dos últimos anos, trazendo uma nova categoria de drogas com melhor perfil de eficácia. No entanto, estas drogas vieram com um novo perfil de potenciais eventos adversos que exigem que o neurologista os reconheça bem e rapidamente. Uma das complicações mais temidas destes tratamentos para a EM é a leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva (LEMP), causada pela reativação do vírus John Cunningham (JCV). Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sorológico de JCV em pacientes com EM. Métodos: Dados sorológicos de JCV foram obtidos através do ensaio por enzimas imuno-adsorvidas (ELISA) fornecido pelo programa STRATIFY-JCV. Resultados: Um total de 1.501 testes sanguíneos foram obtidos de 1.102 pacientes com EM. O grupo teve 633 pacientes (57,1%) soropositivos para anticorpos anti-JCV e 469 pacientes negativos (42,9%). Vinte e três pacientes se tornaram posivitos após resultados iniciais negativos para anticorpos anti-JCV. A taxa de soroconversão foi 18,5% em 22 meses. Conclusão: O perfil sorológico do JCV e a soroconversão nos pacientes brasileiros foi semelhante àquela descrita em outros países.

Effect of photobiomodulation treatment in the sublingual, radial artery region, and along the spinal column in individuals with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for a randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, for which the forms of treatment are medication and rehabilitation. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation can be an effective treatment modality for inflammatory diseases, including MS. Photobiomodulation has a broad range of benefits, such as the avoidance of cell and tissue death, the stimulation of healing and injury repair, reductions in pain, edema and inflammation, cell proliferation, and even apoptosis. The outcomes of photobiomodulation include the regeneration of cells, the stimulation of the growth of Schwann cells, a reduction in spasticity, functional improvements, a reduction in nitric oxide levels, and the upregulation of the cytokine IL10, demonstrating that this therapeutic modality can offer neuroprotection. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial is proposed. The patients will be divided into 6 groups. Groups 1 and 2 will receive sham and active photobiomodulation in the sublingual region, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 will receive sham and active photobiomodulation along the spinal cord, respectively. Group 5 will receive placebo treatment with photobiomodulation on the skin in the region of the radial artery with a specific bracelet. Group 6 will be treated with photobiomodulation on the skin in the region of the radial artery. DISCUSSION: Treatment for MS is directed at the immune response and slowing the progression of the disease. This is one of the first clinical trials involving photobiomodulation in the sublingual region and along the spinal cord, which could help establish a promising new form of nonpharmacological treatment for autoimmune diseases. This is one of the first clinical trials with sublingual photobiomodulation and along the spinal cord that could help establish a new form of promising treatment of the disease associated with pharmacological treatment.

Systematic review of the published data on the worldwide prevalence of John Cunningham virus in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.

OBJECTIVES: John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a polyoma virus that infects humans, mainly in childhood or adolescence, and presents no symptomatic manifestations. JCV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). PML is a severe and potentially fatal disease of the brain. The prevalence of JCV antibodies in human serum has been reported to be between 50.0 and 90.0%. The aim of the present study was to review worldwide data on populations of patients with MS and NMO in order to establish the rates of JCV seropositivity in these individuals. METHODS: The present review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and used the following search terms: "JCV" OR "JC virus" AND "multiple sclerosis" OR "MS" OR "NMO" OR "neuromyelitis optica" AND "prevalence." These terms were searched for both in smaller and in larger clusters of words. The databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Embase. RESULTS: After the initial selection, 18 papers were included in the review. These articles reported the prevalence of JCV antibodies in the serum of patients with MS or NMO living in 26 countries. The systematic review identified data on 29,319 patients with MS/NMO and found that 57.1% of them (16,730 individuals) were seropositive for the anti-JCV antibody (range, 40.0 to 69.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The median worldwide prevalence of JCV among adults with MS or NMO was found to be 57.1%.

Impacto de condições bucais na qualidade de vida de indivíduos portadores de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on oral health - related quality of life

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o impacto de condições bucais na qualidade de vida de indivíduos portadores de Lupus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES). Foi realizado um estudo transversal, através do qual foram avaliados 75 pacientes portadores de LES em tratamento no Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG. A amostra foi constituída também por um grupo controle composto por 78 indivíduos, que segundo o autorrelato, não apresentavam nenhuma doença sistêmica. A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) destes indivíduos foi avaliada através da versão brasileira do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à exame odontológico, tendo sido obtidos índice CPO-D; parâmetros periodontais e medidas referentes à sialometria. Foram coletadas também variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene bucal. Indivíduos do grupo LES foram avaliados com relação à atividade da doença (SLEDAI) e os danos (SLICC/SDI) causados pela mesma. Através do teste qui-quadrado, o grupo LES e o grupo controle foram comparados de acordo com as variáveis independentes avaliadas. O teste não paramétrico Mann-Whitney foi usado para comparar a QVRSB de indivíduos do grupo LES e indivíduos do grupo controle. Dentro do grupo LES, o teste Mann-Whitney também foi utilizado para avaliar a QVRSB de indivíduos entre as diferentes categorias de SLEDAI e SLICC/SDI. Para o escore total do OHIP, o nível de significância foi estabelecido em (p<0,05). Para as sub-escalas aplicou-se a correção de Bonferroni e o nível de significância foi estabelecido em (p<0,007). Finalmente, análise de regressão linear foi realizada para a comparação da QVRSB dos dois grupos. Valores de (p<0,05) foram considerados de significância estatística. Os resultados demonstraram que indivíduos do grupo LES apresentaram um maior impacto negativo das condições bucais na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos do grupo controle (p=0,011). A condição bucal determinante do impacto negativo foi o uso de prótese (p<0,05). No grupo LES, também foi observado que indivíduos com um dano moderado apresentaram QVRSB deteriorada quando comparados a indivíduos sem dano (p=0,043). O conhecimento do impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida de indivíduos portadores de LES pode ser útil para aprimorar o tratamento multidisciplinar deste grupo de pacientes

The present cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of oralconditions on the quality of life of individuals with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). A sample of 75 patients with SLE under surveillance at the Department of Rheumatology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais was evaluated. The study also included a control group of 78 individuals, who, according to self-report, did not present any disease..Individuals' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) wasevaluated through the Brazilian version of the questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). All the participants were submitted to dental examination. Dental caries was assessed by means of the DMFT index and the periodontal condition was evaluated through criteria previously established that considered probing depth. Measures of sialometry, sociodemographic characteristics, and oral hygiene habits were also collected. Individuals of the SLE group were evaluated in terms of disease activity (SLEDAI) and disease damage (SLICC/SDI). The responses to categorical questions for each group were compared using the Chi-square test. The responses to continuous variables for each group were compared using Mann-Whitney test. The Mann-Whitney test was also used to evaluate differences in the subscale and overall OHIP scores between the SLE group and the Control group and between the different SLEDAI and SLICC/SDI categories in the SLE group. For the overall score, the level of significance was set at p<0.05. For the subscales, the Bonferroni correction was used and p values <0.007 were considered statistically significant. The results demonstrated that individuals of the SLE group presented a higher negative impact of the oral conditions on the quality of life when compared with the individuals of the control group (p=0,011). The determinant of the negative impact was prosthesis wearing (p<0,05). In the SLE group, it was also observed that individuals with a moderate damage presented worse OHRQoL when compared with individuals without damage (p=0,043). Awareness of the impact of oral conditions on the quality of life of individuals with SLE may be useful to improve the multidisciplinary treatment of this group of patients

Association between headache and temporomandibular joint disorders in children and adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) and headache in children and adolescents. A prospective cross-sectional cohort study was carried out involving 93 children and adolescents (6 to 14 years of age) at the outpatient service of a dental school. All participants underwent a clinical examination involving Axis 1 of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, along with a characterization of headache and an anthropometric evaluation. Statistical analysis involved the chi-squared test for quantitative variables and the Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's test for quantitative data. An adjusted logistic regression model was used to determine significant associations among gender, age, TMJD and headache. Mild TMJD was identified in 35.8% of the sample and was not associated the presence of headache. Moderate TMJD was found in 25.8% of patients and severe TMJD was found in 11.8%; both forms of TMJD were associated with headache. A significant correlation was found between the intensity of TMJD and the risk of headache. The present findings demonstrate a positive correlation between TMJD and headache in children and adolescents, independently of gender and age.