The Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment and Side Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to review studies regarding side effects found during Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma treatment, to suggest the drug class most associated with these effects, as well as the most prevalent side effect grade. METHODS: This review is registered in PROSPERO (IDCRD42022295774) and followed the PICOS strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and DOAJ. Medical Subject Headings Terms were used and quantitative studies with conclusive results regarding side effects during the non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment were selected. Patent information was obtained from google patents. RESULTS: Monoclonal antibodies were the main drug class associated with side effects during NHL therapy. The combination of Rituximab (Rituxan®; patent EP1616572B) and iInotuzumab (Besponsa®; patent EP1504035B3) was associated with a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05), while the combination of Rituximab and Venetoclax (Venclexta®; patent CN107089981A) was associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia (p<0.05) when compared to Bendamustine combinations (Treanda ™; patent US20130253025A1). Meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in men. Finally, Americans and Canadians experienced a higher prevalence of these side effects, when compared to others nationalities (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patents regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in NHL treatment were published in the last year. Monoclonal antibodies associated with neutropenia (grade 3-4) and thrombocytopenia, especially in North American men treated for NHL, and with an average age of 62 years demonstrated importance in this study.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor activation in the social defeat protocol.

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP receptor) has wide expression in the nervous system and is involved in neurotransmitter release. However, the role of the NOPR in depression is not widely recognized. This study aims to evaluate behavioral and biochemical effects of the NOPR agonist Ro 65-6570 in mice submitted to social defeat protocol. The open-field test, social interaction test, and tail suspension test were applied to evaluate depressive behavior in male Swiss mice. Blood and brain tissue samples were obtained to evaluate the oxidative stress. The NOP agonist, Ro 65-6570 (1 mg/kg), or the social defeat stress reduced exploration rate in the open-field test. The social defeat stress and/or the NOP agonist also increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and the grooming time, as well as reduced the social interaction on the last day of social defeat protocol. Seven days after the end of the protocol, only the drug alone was able to affect the animals' interaction. Additionally, the NOP agonist increased the concentration of carbonyl groups (CGs) in hippocampus and malondialdehyde in serum. The stress of social defeat and the NOP agonist, together, increased malondialdehyde in animals' serum and prefrontal cortex, as well as increased the CGs concentration in the prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate a chronic depressive effect induced by the NOPR activation, sometimes regardless of the social defeat stress. We suggest that the NOPR signaling can activate pathways involved in cellular oxidative stress, contributing to the depression pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Main Receptors Involved in the COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to study the receptor's family and functions most related to COVID-19 infection and also suggest the tissue and cell location on which the majority of COVID-19 receptors are mainly expressed. METHODS: This systematic review is according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs, Web of Science, and DOAJ databases were used. Clinical trials and research articles studying receptors related to COVID-19 were included in this review. R programming language was used to elaborate charts and receptors network, and SPSS(26v) software was used to perform statistical analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42020210643). RESULTS: The majority of studies on the involvement of receptors in COVID-19 included plasma receptors and G protein-coupled receptor families (p<0.05). These receptors are highly expressed in the brain (24%) and 80% of them can interact with each other in a protein network, exerting some regulatory effects on various tissues. The main influential receptor in the network of receptors involved in the COVID-19 was the EGFR and the majority of receptors were associated with pathological processes of the disease (p<0.05), including the amplification of inflammatory responses in COVID-19, which may be related to neurological disorders in some cases. Studies on receptors involved in the COVID-19 included mainly patients from the United States, Spain, and Brazil (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Plasma receptors and G protein-coupled receptors, especially the EGFR, involved in pathological effects of the COVID-19 inflammatory process in the brain have shown significant importance in this review.

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress can be independent of age and gender.

The active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) acts through a nuclear receptor to perform several functions in cellular metabolism. 1,25(OH)2D participates directly in calcium homeostasis, regulates the immune system, nervous system, blood pressure, insulin secretion, among others. Vitamin D deficiency could also be associated with several diseases and increased cellular oxidative damage. The present study aimed to investigate whether lipid peroxidation and/or protein oxidation are affected by vitamin D deficiency and whether sunlight exposure/diet, gender, and age might influence this relationship. Vitamin D concentrations were obtained from the Heart Hospital database and a questionnaire was applied among the 212 participants. We used the inactive vitamin D (25(OH)2) in the analyses since 1,25(OH)2D has a short half-life and a low blood concentration. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation analyses were performed using spectrophotometry. Multivariate analyses suggested the participation of vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) and sunlight/diet in oxidative stress (p <0.05; R2 MDA: 0.562; R2 CG: 0.429). Multiple linear regression test show that the age and gender of patients are not interfering in the analyses (p>0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress can be independent of age and gender.

Neural Receptors Associated with Depression: A Systematic Review of the Past 10 Years.

Over the past few years, experimental research has been carried out to analyze the role of specific receptors in depression to better understand the mechanisms and pathophysiological aspects of the disease. In this paper, we aim to investigate the receptors family most involved in depression, as well as the tissues in which most depression related-receptors are expressed. The article also aims to identify the functions of the main receptors predominantly associated with the pathology. This review used a systematic methodology (Prospero; ID 168584) and followed the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases. Quantitative studies with conclusive results regarding receptors involved in depression were selected. The charts and network were made using R programming language and statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS v25 software. It can be seen that G protein-coupled receptors family is the most studied (p < 0.05). These receptors are expressed in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and can interact with each other. A great number of studies have evaluated receptors related to beneficial effects in the disease (p < 0.05). The inflammation response and cell survival/proliferation are the main functions related to these receptors (p < 0.01) and behavioral tests in mice are the main methodologies applied in these studies (p < 0.05). Finally, the most influential protein on the network of receptors involved in depression is the Bradykinin receptor B1. G protein- coupled receptors located in cell membranes involving especially protective effects in depression and that expressed mainly in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia have shown significant importance in this review. In addition, inflammation response or cell survival/proliferation are the main functions performed by the receptors related to depression as observed in this work.

Study of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, sunlight incidence and skeletal/extra skeletaldiseases

It is estimated that more than 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Vitamin D participates in bone mineralization, and is therefore important in osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets prevention. However, vitamin D deficiency could also be associated with several other pathologies. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D deficiency-related disorders in patients. In addition, this study aims to verify if countries with low solar incidence have higher extraskeletal disease death rates when compared to countries with high solar incidence. The vitamin D concentrations were obtained from the Heart Hospital database (Natal/Brazil). The relationship between solar incidenceand death rate for vitamin D deficiency-related disorders was verified. Death rate data were extracted from the 'World Life Expectancy' repository and data about solar incidence were obtained from NASA's Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy project. Thesedata were statistically processed with IBM SPSS v23.0 software and R programming language. Our results showed that patients with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency showed significantly more bone diseases, thyroid diseases, hypercholesterolemy, hypertriglyceridemia, cancers, diabetes, hepatobiliary diseases, and urinary system diseases. Moreover, countries with high solar incidence have low cancer and multiple sclerosis death rates. This work suggests the participation of vitamin D and sunlight incidence inseveral diseases.