ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence has yielded remarkably promising results in several medical fields, namely those with a strong imaging component. Gynecology relies heavily on imaging since it offers useful visual data on the female reproductive system, leading to a deeper understanding of pathophysiological concepts. The applicability of artificial intelligence technologies has not been as noticeable in gynecologic imaging as in other medical fields so far. However, due to growing interest in this area, some studies have been performed with exciting results. From urogynecology to oncology, artificial intelligence algorithms, particularly machine learning and deep learning, have shown huge potential to revolutionize the overall healthcare experience for women's reproductive health. In this review, we aim to establish the current status of AI in gynecology, the upcoming developments in this area, and discuss the challenges facing its clinical implementation, namely the technological and ethical concerns for technology development, implementation, and accountability.
ABSTRACT
Hyponatremia is a significant complication of treatment with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). We describe a case of a 53-year-old woman that was started on fluoxetine 20 mg/day for depression. Nine days later, the patient started with weakness, nausea, progressing to confusion, inappetence and vomit. Three hours later she became unresponsive and had a generalized seizure. She was brought to our emergency service. On admission, the patient was normovolemic, without focal motor deficits, but had mild generalized muscle rigidity and Babinski's sign bilaterally. Serum sodium was 105 mmol/L, serum osmolality, 220 mmol/L, and urinary osmolality, 400 mmol/L. The other laboratory exams, chest X-ray, cerebrospinal fluid and cranium tomography were normal. She was found to have fluoxetine-induced SIADH and it was discontinued. We started the hyponatremia correction and, in 5 days, the mental status of the patient gradually returned to a normal baseline, paralleling the resolution of her hyponatremia, without recurrence. Hyponatremia and SIADH should be considered if a patient experiences deterioration in his or her clinical condition while taking SSRI. The use of SSRI antidepressants should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of drug-induced hyponatremia.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects , Fluoxetine/adverse effects , Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/chemically induced , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Basal Ganglia/pathology , Depression/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A hiponatremia é complicação significativa do tratamento com inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (ISRS). Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 53 anos de idade que iniciou uso de fluoxetina 20 mg/dia para depressão. Nove dias depois, a paciente apresentou fraqueza, náusea, progredindo para confusão, inapetência e vômitos. Três horas depois ela tornou-se irresponsiva e teve uma crise convulsiva generalizada. Foi então trazida ao nosso serviço de emergência. Na admissão, a paciente estava normovolêmica, sem déficits motores focais, mas apresentava leve rigidez muscular generalizada e sinal de Babinski bilateralmente. O sódio sérico era 105 mmol/L, osmolaridade sérica, 220 mmol/L, e osmolaridade urinária, 400 mmol/L. Os outros exames laboratoriais, Raio-X do pulmão, líquido cefalorraqueano e tomografia do crânio eram normais. Ela foi diagnosticada como tendo SSIHAD induzida por fluoxetina sendo esta descontinuada. Nós iniciamos a correção da hiponatremia e, em 5 dias, o estado mental da paciente gradualmente retornou ao normal, paralelamente a resolução da hiponatremia. SSIHAD e hiponatremia devem ser consideradas em um paciente que apresenta deterioração de sua condição clinica quando estiver em uso de ISRS. O uso de antidepressivos ISRS deve ser lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial de hiponatremia induzida por drogas.
