ABSTRACT
Organic reactions carried out in water under mild conditions are state-of-the-art in terms of environmentally benign chemical processes. In this direction, plasmonic catalysis can aid in accomplishing such tasks. In the present work, cyclodextrin-mediated AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were applied in room-temperature aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura reactions aiming at preparing biaryl products based on fluorene, isatin, benzimidazole and resorcinol, with yields of 77 % up to 95 %. AuPd NPs were revealed to be a physical mixture of Au and Pd particles circa 20 and 2â nm, respectively, through X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Water , Animals , Temperature , Fishes , CatalysisABSTRACT
NaNbO3 was synthesized by two different routes, one using metallic niobium powder, and another using niobium oxide (Nb2 O5 ) powder. In both routes an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was used to hydrothermally treating the powders. In the first approach, the solution concentrations were 3M, 1M, and 0.5M. The second route used solution concentrations of 10M and 12.5M. After the hydrothermal treatments, the powders were heat treated in order to synthesize NaNbO3 . The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement. The phases were identified by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement. It was observed that the molar concentrations of the solutions had opposing effects for each route. An antiferroelectric phase was found in both routes. In the niobium metallic route, a ferroelectric phase was also synthesized. This study proves that piezoelectric NaNbO3 can be obtained after alkali treatment of both Nb and Nb2 O5. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 979-985, 2016.
