ABSTRACT
Supplementation with folic acid (FA) during gestation has been recommended by medical society all over the world, but some studies have shown that intake of high folic acid diet may unleash damages to the descendants. OBJECTIVES: Describing the effects of maternal supplementation with FA during gestation on offspring's kidney at late life stages. DATA SOURCE: It is a systematic review by which were consulted the following databases: Medline, through Pubmed, Lilacs, and SciELO. The research was performed using the keywords "Folic acid", "Gestation" and "Kidney". STUDY SELECTION: Eight studies were regarded for this systematic review. DATA COLLECTION: Only studies that evaluated folic acid consumption during gestation and its effects exclusively on descendants' kidney at several phases of life were regarded. RESULTS: Gestational FA intake did not change the renal volume, glomerular filtration rate and the expression of some essential genes in the kidney of puppies whose dams were supplemented with FA. Maternal consumption of double FA plus selenium diet was effective in preserving antioxidant enzymes activity in the kidney of descendants from mothers exposed to alcohol. FA supplementation decreased some gross anomalies in the puppies caused by teratogenic drug despite of had not been effective in preventing some renal architectural damages. CONCLUSION: FA supplementation did not cause renal toxicity; it exerted an antioxidant protective effect and mitigated some renal disorders caused by severe aggressions.
A suplementação com ácido fólico (AF) durante a gestação tem sido recomendada pela sociedade médica em todo o mundo, mas alguns estudos têm mostrado que a ingestão de altas quantidades de ácido fólico na dieta pode desencadear danos aos descendentes. Objetivos: Descrever os efeitos da suplementação materna com AF durante a gestação no rim da prole em fases tardias da vida. Fonte de Dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada através da consulta das seguintes bases de dados: Medline, através da Plataforma Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se as palavras-chave "Ácido Fólico", "Gestação" e "Rim". Seleção dos Estudos: Oito estudos foram considerados para esta revisão sistemática. Coleta de Dados: Foram incluídos estudos que abordaram o consumo de ácido fólico durante a gestação e seus efeitos exclusivamente no rim dos descendentes em diferentes fases da vida. Resultados: O consumo gestacional de AF não alterou o volume renal, a taxa de filtração glomerular e a expressão de alguns genes essenciais no rim dos filhotes de mães suplementadas com AF. A associação de AF e selênio na dieta materna foi eficaz na preservação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes no rim da prole de mães expostas ao álcool. O consumo de AF diminuiu algumas anomalias importantes nos filhotes causadas por drogas teratogênicas, apesar de não ter sido eficiente na prevenção de alguns danos a arquitetura renal. Conclusão: A suplementação com AF não causou toxicicdade renal, exerceu efeito protetor antioxidante e mitigou algumas desordens renais causadas por agressões severas.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Dietary Supplements , Folic Acid , Kidney , Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Ethanol , Mothers , Folic Acid/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Abstract Supplementation with folic acid (FA) during gestation has been recommended by medical society all over the world, but some studies have shown that intake of high folic acid diet may unleash damages to the descendants. Objectives: Describing the effects of maternal supplementation with FA during gestation on offspring's kidney at late life stages. Data Source: It is a systematic review by which were consulted the following databases: Medline, through Pubmed, Lilacs, and SciELO. The research was performed using the keywords "Folic acid", "Gestation" and "Kidney". Study Selection: Eight studies were regarded for this systematic review. Data Collection: Only studies that evaluated folic acid consumption during gestation and its effects exclusively on descendants' kidney at several phases of life were regarded. Results: Gestational FA intake did not change the renal volume, glomerular filtration rate and the expression of some essential genes in the kidney of puppies whose dams were supplemented with FA. Maternal consumption of double FA plus selenium diet was effective in preserving antioxidant enzymes activity in the kidney of descendants from mothers exposed to alcohol. FA supplementation decreased some gross anomalies in the puppies caused by teratogenic drug despite of had not been effective in preventing some renal architectural damages. Conclusion: FA supplementation did not cause renal toxicity; it exerted an antioxidant protective effect and mitigated some renal disorders caused by severe aggressions.
Resumo A suplementação com ácido fólico (AF) durante a gestação tem sido recomendada pela sociedade médica em todo o mundo, mas alguns estudos têm mostrado que a ingestão de altas quantidades de ácido fólico na dieta pode desencadear danos aos descendentes. Objetivos: Descrever os efeitos da suplementação materna com AF durante a gestação no rim da prole em fases tardias da vida. Fonte de Dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada através da consulta das seguintes bases de dados: Medline, através da Plataforma Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se as palavras-chave "Ácido Fólico", "Gestação" e "Rim". Seleção dos Estudos: Oito estudos foram considerados para esta revisão sistemática. Coleta de Dados: Foram incluídos estudos que abordaram o consumo de ácido fólico durante a gestação e seus efeitos exclusivamente no rim dos descendentes em diferentes fases da vida. Resultados: O consumo gestacional de AF não alterou o volume renal, a taxa de filtração glomerular e a expressão de alguns genes essenciais no rim dos filhotes de mães suplementadas com AF. A associação de AF e selênio na dieta materna foi eficaz na preservação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes no rim da prole de mães expostas ao álcool. O consumo de AF diminuiu algumas anomalias importantes nos filhotes causadas por drogas teratogênicas, apesar de não ter sido eficiente na prevenção de alguns danos a arquitetura renal. Conclusão: A suplementação com AF não causou toxicicdade renal, exerceu efeito protetor antioxidante e mitigou algumas desordens renais causadas por agressões severas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Downflow Filters , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , KidneyABSTRACT
In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether maternal malnutrition during lactation alters the folliculogenesis and the expression of the gonadotropins and estrogen isoforms ovarian receptors in the offspring at puberty. At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (C) group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein and protein-energy-restricted (PER) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein. After weaning, the female pups had free access to standard laboratory diet. The maternal malnutrition caused a significant increase in the number of preantral (C=13.72+/-2.87; PER=26.36+/-3.03, P<0.01) and small antral follicles (C=9.32+/-1.35; PER=17.64+/-2.33, P<0.01) and decrease in the number of primordial (C=11.72+/-1.37; PER=3.92+/-0.60, P<0.01) and Graafian follicles (C=1.84+/-0.21; PER=0.96+/-0.11, P<0.01), and corpus luteum (C=2.00+/-0.28; PER=0.80+/-0.31, P<0.01). The estradiol serum concentration was significantly higher (C=67.86+/-4.39; PER=83.29+/-2.68, P<0.05) while testosterone serum concentration did not show statistical difference (C=0.09+/-0.02; PER=0.11+/-0.01, P>0.05) in the PER group. In relation to the receptors expression, maternal malnutrition led to a significant increase in the amount of Fshr (C=0.89+/-0.04; PER=1.07+/-0.03, P<0.05) and Lhcqr (C=0.87+/-0.15; PER=1.33+/-0.08, P<0.05) transcripts and a significant decrease in the amount of Ar (C=0.59+/-0.006; PER=0.13+/-0.080, P<0.05), ER alpha (Esr1) (C=3.33+/-0.71; PER=0.74+/-0.50, P<0.05), ER beta 1 (Esr2) (C=1.33+/-0.06; PER=0.49+/-0.36, P<0.05), and ER beta 2 (Esr2) (C=3.28+/-0.60; PER=0.62+/-0.34, P<0.05) transcripts. In conclusion, perinatal maternal malnutrition can directly affect folliculogenesis at puberty probably as a consequence of changes in the ovarian expression of gonadotropins, androgen and estrogens isoforms receptors. Long-term sexual alterations could be expected in this experimental model, since a reduction in the primordial follicle number is observed, which can result in a decrease in the reproductive lifetime and an earlier termination of breeding capacity.
