Gestational choriocarcinoma transmission following multiorgan donation.

An accidental transmission of placental choriocarcinoma (CC) from a multiorgan donor to four recipients is reported. The donor was a 26-year-old pregnant woman, died from a cerebral hemorrhage. Histological examination demonstrated the presence of a placental CC. Diagnosis of CC transmission was established on the basis of an increase of human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) level. The recipient of combined pancreas-kidney is still in complete remission 2 years after the beginning of chemotherapy without removal of the grafted organs which show optimal function. The recipient of a single kidney was rapidly transplantectomized and treated with actinomycin. At 2 years, she remains in remission. Liver recipient showed intestinal metastasis and died from digestive hemorrhage after an initial response to chemotherapy. Heart recipient had an initial remission under EMA-CO, but at the last report, he showed diffuse metastasis. Published reports on CC transmission are rare. The long-lasting remission of our pancreas-kidney recipient and her good outcome after 2 years make our observation original. Moreover, the high rate of transmission demonstrates the high malignant potential of CC in immunosuppressed patients. Chemotherapy combined or not with transplantectomy in case of nonvital organ, should be discussed.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a hazardous condition before kidney transplantation.

Long-term survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is over 10 years, and such patients are thus potential kidney recipients in the case of superimposed end-stage renal disease. However, the renal and patient outcome in this condition is unknown. We report the charts of four patients with CLL who were engrafted in France with a deceased-donor kidney and underwent routine triple immunosuppressive therapy. The results show that these patients developed severe infectious episodes (fatal in one case) and tumoral complications including rapid progression of CLL in two cases. Moreover, the graft may be infiltrated and damaged by monoclonal B cells: one patient lost his graft 14 months after transplantation. Various therapeutic options (modifications of the immunosuppressive regimen, anti-CD20 antibodies, irradiation of the graft) showed little (if any) efficacy. Therefore, we believe that CLL is a too hazardous condition to envisage solid organ transplantation with a routine immunosuppressive regimen, and we propose a more appropriate approach.

[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis with severe renal involvement following Parvovirus B19 primary infection]. / Vasculite leucocytoclasique compliquée d'une atteinte rénale grave au décours d'une primo-infection à Parvovirus B19.

BACKGROUND: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis following Parvovirus B19 primary infection has occasionally been reported in children but it occurs rarely in adults. We present an original case report with severe renal complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 33-year-old man presented with fever and eruption of the abdomen and members. Papules and vesiculopustules were associated with oral and genital ulcerations. These lesions subsequently became purpuric and necrotic. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pustulous leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposits. Laboratory investigations showed elevated sedimentation rate, hepatic cytolysis and renal impairment (hematuria, leucocyturia and proteinuria 1.5 g/24 hours). Anti-parvovirus B19 IgM were positive. Three months after the eruption resolved, IgM were undetectable while anti-parvovirus B19 IgG appeared. Renal injury progressively worsened: elevation of proteinuria (5 g/24 hours) and diminution of creatinine clearance (51 ml/min). Renal biopsy showed glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA deposits. Major proteinuria persisted one year after the disappearance of dermatological lesions in spite of ACE inhibitor treatment. DISCUSSION: The role of Parvovirus B19 has been suspected as an aetiological agent in many kinds of vasculitis, e.g. polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's disease and leucocytoclastic vasculitis. In this case report, the detection of specific IgM and the absence of other factors associated with vasculitis are consistent with a causal role of Parvovirus B19. In previously published cases, the prognosis of parvovirus B19-associated vasculitis does not seem to differ from that of idiopathic vasculitis. To our knowledge, this is the first case exhibiting concomitant and persistent severe renal involvement.

[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients with solid organ transplantation: a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropathological study of 4 cases]. / Polyradiculonévrite chronique chez des patients avec une greffe d'organe solide: une étude clinique, neurophysiologique et neuropathologique de 4 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) rarely develops in patients with solid organ transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We describe the clinical, biological, electrophysiological and neuropathological features of 4 patients with solid organ transplantation who developed CIDP. Two patients had liver transplantation, one had kidney transplantation and one had lung transplantation. RESULTS: All 4 patients developed in the months following transplantation a syndrome that fulfilled criteria for definite CIDP. All patients had immunosuppressive therapy, with ciclosporin + prednisolone in 2 cases, tacrolimus in 1 case and azathioprine + prednisolone + ciclosporin in one case. One patient had chronic HCV and HBV infection. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and/or a change in immunosuppressive therapy improved the neuropathy in all cases. CONCLUSION: CIDP is a rare and potentially treatable condition that should be considered in all patients with solid organ transplantation who develop a rapidly disabling sensorimotor polyneuropathy.