Comité de Ética Asistencial (CEA) del Hospital Regional de Talca, en pandemia COVID-19 / Care Ethics Committee (CEA) of Talca Regional Hospital, in COVID-19 pandemic

The healthcare ethics committee of the Regional Hospital of Talca, shares with the hospital community, ethical considerations in medical-clinical decisions, in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. Focus attention on the person, with dignified treatment, with the center in quality and proportional to the individual condition, within the framework of protected teamwork, and that everyone is responsible for mutual care. The considerations of admission to critical units of complicated patients, with principles of caring over healing, without abandoning those who require assistance. Resources are scarce and must be protected, people must not be discriminated against, age is a precedent that must be considered, given the chances of survival, without going beyond the limitations to the therapeutic effort, which must be shared with the treating medical team and of the hospital ethics committee if required. A dignified death is an element to be considered with respect for the person, their families and the community.

1H NMR-based metabolomics profiling of ten new races from Capsicum annuum cv. serrano produced in Mexico.

Herein we report on the 1H NMR-based metabolomics profiling of ten new races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano, cultivated in Mexico. Forty eight metabolites (including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenolic acids and alcohols) were identified and quantified by 2D NMR and qNMR, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) separated the ten races into two clusters, from which citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose and galactose were found as differential metabolites. This is the first study describing the chemical profiling of ten new races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano and the spectrometric method used presently is characterized by great simplicity, robustness and reproducibility. Thus, this technique can be used for establishing reliable metabolomic fingerprints of different races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano.

Risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi human infection in Barinas State, Venezuela.

This study attempted to quantify the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in children less than 15 years of age in Barinas State, Venezuela and investigate risk factors for infection. Among 3,296 children, 4 (0.12%) were seropositive. The mother of one child also was also seropositive, which suggested that congenital transmission is a possible risk factor for Chagas disease in this area. Seroprevalence among the dwellers of 10 localities was 3.3%. Rhodnius prolixus was detected in 7 localities and in 8% of 125 dwellings. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that infection was associated with age, a dirt floor, and distance from houses to palm trees. The risk of infection is increased by the presence of adventitious sylvatic R. prolixus and transient or residual colonies. Insecticide spraying does not seem justified in this scenario, a finding that was also observed in other Latin American countries. New methods are therefore needed for Chagas disease control programs.

Comparación de métodos de captura intradoméstica de triatominos vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela / Comparison of methods of intradomestic capture of Chagas disease vectors in Venezuela

La estratificación de riesgo para priorizar las acciones de control en función de optimización de recursos, es de gran importancia dentro de las actividades de vigilancia epidemiológica para el control de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Para esto es necesario contar con un método para la detección de la infestación intradomiciliaria por triatominos vectores, que sea de alta sensibilidad, especialmente encondiciones de baja densidad. En este estudio se compararon los resultados obtenidos con 5 métodos de capturas de vectores, 2 de búsqueda pasiva: caja Gómez-Nuñez y papel A4 Bond colocados en el dormitorio principal de las casas, 2 de búsqueda activa por personal técnico especializado: captura directa y captura con un excitante (cypermetrina+tetrametrina) durante ½ hora y por último la recolección efectuada durante un mes por los habitantes, oportunamente entrenados. El estudio se realizó en 11 localidades y 200 casas del Estado Portuguesa y 29 localidades y 350 casas del Estado Barinas. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes métodos en los dos estados. Sobre el total de las 550 casas exploradas, 132 fueron positivas: en 131 (99,2%) la presencia de triatominos fue detectada por lo habitantes vs. 5,3% por búsqueda activa; 3,38 por la caja Gómez-Nuñez; 3,03% por búsqueda con excitante y 0 por ciento por la hoja de papel. Se colectaron en total 5 especies y 563 individuos. Rhodnius prolixus fue la especie predominante seguido por Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus y R. pictipes.

Leishmania and sand flies: proximity to woodland as a risk factor for infection in a rural focus of visceral leishmaniasis in west central Venezuela.

OBJECTIVE: To relate entomological, epidemiological and geographical data to understand the transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in a closed focus in western Venezuela. METHODS: Spatial and temporal patterns of Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis, the most prevalent phlebotomine sand fly species (99.7%), were studied in El Brasilar, Curarigua, Lara State, Venezuela, a small rural community of 20 dwellings and 118 inhabitants. The sand fly population was monitored using Centers for Disease Control light traps monthly throughout 1 year in the domestic and sylvatic habitats and for 3 months in all inhabited houses. RESULTS: Temporal variation followed the yearly bimodal pattern of precipitation with the highest population densities in April and December. Infection with flagellates suggestive of Leishmania spp. was detected in 0.01% of 10,026 dissected females of L. pseudolongipalpis, which proved to be highly endophilic. Prevalence of Leishmania infection in people, as measured by the leishmanin skin test, was correlated with distance of the houses from the woodland and with sand fly abundance. A logistic regression model showed that for people who live in the village, the proximity to the woodland (linear) should be considered a risk factor for Leishmania infection (binary) (z = -2.02, P = 0.04, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). This was consistent with the association between the proportion of VL infection and the log of sand fly abundance, which was negatively correlated with distance from the woodland. CONCLUSION: We discuss strategies that might be useful in controlling VL transmission in this endemic focus.