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1.
Salud Publica Mex ; 65(3, may-jun): 285-296, 2023 Apr 21.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38060874

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar los cambios en la carga de la enfermedad del VIH de 1990-2017 y la influencia de las políticas y programas implementadas para su prevención y control. Material y métodos. Se elaboró una línea de tiempo de políticas e intervenciones en México; mediante modelos de regresión JoinPoint, se analizó su relación con los cambios ocurridos en las tendencias de la carga de la enfermedad del VIH. RESULTADOS: Los cambios en la carga de enfermedad se relacionan con la universalización del acceso a los medicamentos antirretrovirales (ARV), programas de atención integral y el combate al estigma y la discriminación. En el periodo analizado se observa descenso de la mortalidad relacionado con el acceso universal y gratuito a los ARV. La magnitud de los cambios tiende a ser mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: Las políticas y programas implementados para tratar a las personas con VIH/Sida en México se integraron en estrategias cada vez más cohesionadas y eficaces.

2.
Salud ment ; 46(6): 295-305, Nov.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530382

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death in Mexico among young people ages 15 and 29, accounting for 43.0% of all suicides in the country, making it a major public health issue. Objective To explore changes in the geographic distribution of suicide rates by state and to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and pattern of suicide mortality in young Mexicans ages 15 to 29 between 1990 and 2020. Method Descriptive, ecological time-series study, based on official information. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using information on deaths (INEGI) and population estimates (CONAPO). The magnitude, distribution, and patterns of suicide mortality at the national level and by state were analyzed using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results From 1990 to 2020, suicide mortality in young people increased by 198% and was higher in women (285%) than men (178%). The states with the highest suicide mortality rates from 2016 to 2020 were Chihuahua (18.5 suicides/100,000 young people ages 15-29), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1), and San Luis Potosí (12.9), accounting for 23.0% of total suicide deaths. Discussion and conclusion The study of mortality trends could contribute to the management of a national suicide prevention strategy in young Mexicans, providing support for public health decision-making, such as the identification of the states and regions that should be prioritized.


Resumen Introducción En 2020, el suicidio fue la tercera causa de muerte en México en los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años y concentró el 43.0% del total de suicidios del país. Por lo tanto, es un problema de salud pública muy relevante. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la distribución geográfica de las tasas de suicidio por entidad federativa, así como analizar la magnitud, distribución y tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio, en los jóvenes mexicanos de 15 a 29 años entre 1990 y 2020. Método Estudio ecológico descriptivo de series de tiempo, a partir de la información de fuentes oficiales. Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad utilizando la información sobre defunciones (INEGI) y las estimaciones de población (CONAPO). Se analizó la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por suicidio a nivel nacional y por entidad federativa, utilizando el modelo de regresión segmentada Joinpoint. Resultados De 1990 a 2020, la mortalidad por suicidio en jóvenes creció 198%, siendo mayor en las mujeres (285%) que en los hombres (178%). Las entidades con mayor mortalidad por suicidio, de 2016 a 2020, fueron Chihuahua (18.5 suicidios/100 mil jóvenes 15-29 años), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1) y San Luis Potosí (12.9), las cuales concentraron el 23.0% del total de muertes por suicidios. Discusión y conclusión El estudio de las tendencias de la mortalidad podría contribuir a la gestión de una estrategia nacional para la prevención del suicidio en jóvenes mexicanos, proporcionando sustento para la toma de decisiones en salud pública, como la identificación de las entidades federativas y regiones del país que deben recibir la máxima prioridad.

3.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(5): 563-571, sep.-oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127319

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por VIH en las jurisdicciones sanitarias (JS) de México. Material y métodos: Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad utilizando las cifras oficiales de defunciones (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) y estimaciones de población (Consejo Nacional de Población). Se analizó la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por VIH a nivel nacional, por entidad federativa y JS utilizando el modelo de regresión JoinPoint. Resultados: De 2008 a 2015, la mortalidad por VIH disminuyó más de 20%. En las 25 JS con mayor mortalidad por VIH reside 11% de la población nacional, pero concentra 28.6% de las muertes, con el doble o triple de la mortalidad nacional. Conclusiones: Se identificaron las 25 JS en donde deben focalizarse las acciones para reducir la mortalidad por VIH. Por primera vez se analizó un problema de salud en todas las JS mexicanas.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the distribution and trends of HIV mortality in the Sanitary Districts (JS) of Mexico. Materials and methods: To calculate crude and standardized mortality rates, official figures of deaths fromInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografíaand population estimates fromConsejo Nacional de Poblaciónwere used. Magnitude, distribution and trends of HIV mortality were analyzed, at the national level, by state and JS, using JoinPoint regression model. Results: From 2008 to 2015, HIV mortality decreased by more than 20%. In the 25 JS with highest mortality, live 11% of the national population, but concentrated 28.6% of the total HIV death, with mortality rates two or more fold than national rate. Conclusions: We identified the 25 JS where actions to reduce HIV mortality in Mexico should be focused. For first time a health problem was analyzed in all JS of Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Infections/mortality , Time Factors , Mortality/trends , Mexico/epidemiology
4.
Salud Publica Mex ; 61(5): 563-571, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31390682

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and trends of HIV mortality in the Sanitary Districts (JS) of Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To calculate crude and standardized mortality rates, official figures of deaths from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and population estimates from Consejo Nacional de Población were used. Magnitude, distribution and trends of HIV mortality were analyzed, at the national level, by state and JS, using JoinPoint regression model. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2015, HIV mortality decreased by more than 20%. In the 25 JS with highest mortality, live 11% of the national population, but concentrated 28.6% of the total HIV death, with mortality rates two or more fold than national rate. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the 25 JS where actions to reduce HIV mortality in Mexico should be focused. For first time a health problem was analyzed in all JS of Mexico.


OBJETIVO: Analizar la distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por VIH en las jurisdicciones sanitarias (JS) de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad utilizando las cifras oficiales de defunciones (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) y estimaciones de población (Consejo Nacional de Población). Se analizó la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por VIH a nivel nacional, por entidad federativa y JS utilizando el modelo de regresión JoinPoint. RESULTADOS: De 2008 a 2015, la mortalidad por VIH disminuyó más de 20%. En las 25 JS con mayor mortalidad por VIH reside 11% de la población nacional, pero concentra 28.6% de las muertes, con el doble o triple de la mortalidad nacional. CONCLUSIONES: Se identificaron las 25 JS en donde deben focalizarse las acciones para reducir la mortalidad por VIH. Por primera vez se analizó un problema de salud en todas las JS mexicanas.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mortality/trends , Time Factors
5.
Salud ment ; 42(4): 191-201, Jul.-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058954

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Efforts to identify new cases of HIV, HVC and other STIs, through the application of quick tests, focus on people who inject drugs, without taking into account the fact that the use of alcohol and other drugs of abuse inhibits decision making, increasing the transmission of STIs through risky sexual practices. Accordingly, it is necessary to have detection algorithms that consider people who use multiple drugs to improve the identification of new cases and their subsequent linkage with health services. Objective This paper describes the development process of the OPB-APR model for the detection, counseling and referral of people with HIV and other STIs at addiction treatment centers. Method The procedure is divided into three phases: 1. A literature review to identify the basic concepts of HIV and other STIs, substance use, risky sexual behaviors, quick tests, and specialized psychological counseling; 2. A feasibility study in which a health professional is trained to implement the OPB-APR model; 3. Drafting of the final version. Results The final version of the OPB-APR model was obtained, which describes standardized procedures for detection, counseling and referral to health services. Discussion and conclusions The OPB-APR model aims to strengthen the public health system by increasing the coverage of services for the detection of HIV, HCV and other STIs. The above through the implementation of standardized procedures among specialized and non-specialized health professionals of addiction care centers.


Resumen Introducción Los esfuerzos para la identificación de nuevos casos de VIH, VHC y otras ITS, mediante la aplicación de pruebas rápidas, se centra en personas que se inyectan drogas, sin considerar que el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas de abuso inhiben la toma de decisiones incrementando el riesgo de contagio de ITS durante prácticas sexuales de riesgo. Por este motivo, es necesario contar con algoritmos de detección que consideren a personas con múltiples consumos para incrementar la identificación de nuevos casos y su posterior vinculación a servicios de salud. Objetivo Describir el proceso de desarrollo del modelo OPB-APR para la detección, orientación y referencia de personas con VIH y otras ITS en centros de tratamiento de adicciones. Método El procedimiento se dividió en tres fases: 1. Revisión de literatura para identificar conceptos básicos sobre el VIH y otras ITS, consumo de sustancias, conductas sexuales de riesgo, pruebas rápidas, y orientación psicológica especializada; 2. Estudio de factibilidad en el que se entrenó a profesionales de la saludpara implementar el modelo OPB-APR; 3. Integración de la versión final. Resultados Se obtuvo la versión final del modelo OPB-APR el cual describe procedimientos estandarizados para la detección, orientación y referencia a servicios de salud. Discusión y conclusión El modelo OPB-APR pretende fortalecer al sistema público de salud al incrementar la cobertura de servicios para la detección del VIH, VHC y otras ITS. Lo anterior mediante la implementación de procedimientos estandarizados entre los profesionales de la salud especializados y no especializados de centros para la atención de adicciones.

6.
Gac Med Mex ; 152(6): 819-830, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27861480

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the feasibility of achieving the goal of Mexican AIDS mortality in the Millennium Development Goals, nationally and by state. METHODS: For the period 1990-2013, we estimated annual rates of decline/increase in AIDS mortality according to five-year interval, using published data from the Mexican Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and Consejo Nacional de Población. Subsequently, we analyzed the feasibility of achieving the Millennium Development Goals target by 2015 by estimating the year in which the country and each state could achieve them. RESULTS: We estimated that only 13/32 states (40%) would achieve the goal established for AIDS mortality by Millennium Development Goals. Mexico, as a country, and the remaining 19 states (60%) did not will attain it. It is important to emphasize that seven states, rather than decrease, had an upward trend in mortality in the last five years analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The free and universal access to antiretroviral treatment against HIV/AIDS has failed to reduce mortality as expected in Mexico. It is urgent to improve access to HIV testing by using more aggressive strategies. Also, it is necessary to apply interventions to link and retain persons in care until they are virologically suppressed.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/mortality , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Feasibility Studies , Female , Goals , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mortality/trends
7.
Salud Publica Mex ; 55(4): 408-15, 2013 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24165717

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Qualitative study to identify and understand the barriers to using HIV/AIDS surveillance data experienced at the state level in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen individuals were interviewed in Michoacán, Morelos and Mexico City, including representatives from government and non-government organizations. Transcripts were analyzed thematically based on expected barriers to data utilization drawn from the literature. RESULTS: Four categories of barriers were identified: knowledge and accessibility to existing data, limits on using data, decision-making barriers, and resource barriers. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the factors that influence how local programs use surveillance data to improve their programmatic activities. Two specific areas are identified for potential improvements: awareness and accessibility of surveillance data available, and improving local capacity of officials to use them.


Subject(s)
Epidemiological Monitoring , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Statistics as Topic , Access to Information , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Humans , Mexico
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(4): 408-415, Jul.-Aug. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690359

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Estudio cualitativo para identificar y entender las barreras que afectan el uso de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH/sida en el ámbito estatal en México. Material y métodos. Dieciocho individuos fueron entrevistados en Michoacán, Morelos y México DF, incluyendo representantes gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas con códigos temáticos basados en textos especializados sobre las barreras para la utilización de datos. Resultados. Cuatro categorías de barreras fueron identificadas: conocimiento y accesibilidad de datos existentes, límites en la utilización de datos, toma de decisiones, y recursos limitados. Discusión. Este estudio resalta los factores que influyen sobre la manera en que los programas locales usan datos de vigilancia epidemiológica para mejorar actividades programáticas. Se identifican dos áreas específicas para intervenir: conciencia y accesibilidad de los datos de vigilancia disponibles, y capacitar a las autoridades locales para usarlos.


Objective. Qualitative study to identify and understand the barriers to using HIV/AIDS surveillance data experienced at the state level in Mexico. Materials and methods. Eighteen individuals were interviewed in Michoacán, Morelos and Mexico City, including representatives from government and non-government organizations. Transcripts were analyzed thematically based on expected barriers to data utilization drawn from the literature. Results. Four categories of barriers were identified: knowledge and accessibility to existing data, limits on using data, decision-making barriers, and resource barriers. Discussion. This study highlights the factors that influence how local programs use surveillance data to improve their programmatic activities. Two specific areas are identified for potential improvements: awareness and accessibility of surveillance data available, and improving local capacity of officials to use them.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiological Monitoring , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Statistics as Topic , Access to Information , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Mexico
9.
Gac Med Mex ; 146(1): 45-9, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20422934

ABSTRACT

The HIV/AIDS epidemics in Mexico has remained stable in terms of its slow growth during the last decade. Since the beginning of this century, efforts have been made to improve the epidemiological registration system. An important number of probability studies involving multiple geographic locations in Mexico and larger numbers of high-risk vulnerable populations have also been carried out, while continuing surveillance of volunteers for HIV testing. The analysis of recently obtained information and its comparison with that of the past century have unveiled the traces left by the new epidemics in its wake. The joint analysis of available information indicates that there are changes in transmission patterns of HIV/ AIDS that have modified the prevalence figures of previous decades. While transmission of blood-borne HIV infections have ceased, the number of HIV-seropositive drug users has increased, particularly in the northern of Mexico. In the population of men having sex with men (MSM) a decline in HIV prevalence has been noticed, excepting in the male sex working (MSW) group in whom a significant increase has been observed. The population with heterosexual practice clearly shows a steady growth of AIDS in women, particularly in young women from rural areas and in native women.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Time Factors
10.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 146(1): 45-49, ene.-feb. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566872

ABSTRACT

En México, la epidemia de VIH/sida se ha mantenido estable en términos de su lento crecimiento durante la última década. Desde que inició el presente siglo se han realizado enormes esfuerzos para mejorar el sistema de registro epidemiológico, también se ha ejecutado un importante número de estudios probabilísticos que abarcaron gran cantidad de puntos geográficos en el territorio nacional y un relevante número de poblaciones clave en términos de vulnerabilidad frente a la epidemia, sin descuidar la vigilancia centinela que se nutre con las personas que acuden voluntariamente a realizarse la prueba de VIH. El análisis de la información obtenida recientemente y su comparación con la del pasado siglo han permitido el hallazgo de los nuevos rastros que deja la epidemia a su paso. El análisis conjunto y articulado de toda la información obtenida apunta a que hay cambios en los patrones de transmisión del VIH/sida y, por tanto, se han modificado las prevalencias observadas en décadas anteriores. Respecto a la vía de transmisión sanguínea han cesado los contagios relacionados on transfusiones y hemoderivados, sin embargo, ha crecido con fuerza el número de personas seropositivas en la población usuaria de drogas intravenosas, fundamentalmente en la región norte del país. En la población de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres se observa un descenso de la prevalencia, con excepción del grupo de hombres que practican el trabajo sexual, en el cual habría un importante incremento. En la población con prácticas heterosexuales se aprecia con nitidez un crecimiento constante de los casos de sida en mujeres, particularmente en las jóvenes, en las zonas rurales y en las mujeres indígenas.


The HIV/AIDS epidemics in Mexico has remained stable in terms of its slow growth during the last decade. Since the beginning of this century, efforts have been made to improve the epidemiological registration system. An important number of probability studies involving multiple geographic locations in Mexico and larger numbers of high-risk vulnerable populations have also been carried out, while continuing surveillance of volunteers for HIV testing. The analysis of recently obtained information and its comparison with that of the past century have unveiled the traces left by the new epidemics in its wake. The joint analysis of available information indicates that there are changes in transmission patterns of HIV/ AIDS that have modified the prevalence figures of previous decades. While transmission of blood-borne HIV infections have ceased, the number of HIV-seropositive drug users has increased, particularly in the northern of Mexico. In the population of men having sex with men (MSM) a decline in HIV prevalence has been noticed, excepting in the male sex working (MSW) group in whom a significant increase has been observed. The population with heterosexual practice clearly shows a steady growth of AIDS in women, particularly in young women from rural areas and in native women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Time Factors
11.
Gac Med Mex ; 146(6): 411-22, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21384638

ABSTRACT

This document aims to give an epidemiological overview of HIV and AIDS in Mexico, to highlight some aspects of both the governmental and nongovernmental response, and to emphasize important challenges in the fight against the epidemic. The HIV and AIDS epidemic in Mexico is confined to specific groups such as men who have sex with men and intravenous drug users. It has low prevalence among general population, a percentage we aim to maintain. Universal access to retroviral treatment in Mexico is an achievement that is sustainable only if a constant reduction of new cases is accomplished. This can only be obtained by preventive measures that are based on evidence. It is necessary to strengthen nongovernmental associations that are working on prevention. In 2009, the number of nongovernmental associations that received official financing was relatively low. It is necessary to improve the epidemic vigilance and evaluation systems. This would allow better follow-up of the activities that confront the epidemic, and to obtain better feedback for the procedures.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Health Promotion , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology
12.
J Urban Health ; 83(2): 299-307, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16736378

ABSTRACT

Tijuana, Mexico, just south of San Diego, California, is located by the busiest land border crossing in the world. Although UNAIDS considers Mexico to be a country of "low prevalence, high risk," recent surveillance data among sentinel populations in Tijuana suggests HIV prevalence is increasing. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of men and women aged 15 to 49 years infected with HIV in Tijuana. Gender and age-specific estimates of the Tijuana population were obtained from the 2000 Mexican census. Population and HIV prevalence estimates for at-risk groups were obtained from published reports, community based studies, and data from the Centro Nacional para la Prevención y Control del VIH/SIDA (CENSIDA). Age-specific fertility rates for Mexico were used to derive the number of low and high-risk pregnant women. Numbers of HIV-positive men and women were estimated for each at-risk group and then aggregated. A high growth scenario based on current HIV prevalence and a conservative, low growth estimate were determined. A total of 686,600 men and women in Tijuana were aged 15 to 49 years at the time of the 2000 census. Considering both scenarios, the number of infected persons ranged from 1,803 to 5,472 (HIV prevalence: 0.26 to 0.80%). The majority of these persons were men (>70%). The largest number of infected persons were MSM (N = 1,146 to 3,300) and IDUs (N = 147 to 650). Our data suggest that up to one in every 125 persons aged 15-49 years in Tijuana is HIV-infected. Interventions to reduce ongoing spread of HIV are urgently needed.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sex Distribution
13.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr ; 37 Suppl 4: S204-14, 2004 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15722863

ABSTRACT

For Mexican migrants and recent immigrants, the impact of migration from Mexico to California has the potential to lead to an increased risk for HIV infection. Until recently, the prevalence of HIV in Mexico and among Mexican migrants in California appeared to be stable and relatively low. Recent studies have raised new concerns, however, that the HIV epidemic may expand more aggressively among this population in the coming years. Unfortunately, the insufficient amount of data available within recent years makes it difficult to fully assess the potential for rapid spread of the HIV epidemic among this population. Consequently, there is a critical need for an ongoing binational surveillance system to assess prevalence and trends in HIV/STD/TB disease and related risk behaviors among this population both in Calfornia and within this population's states of origin in Mexico. This enhanced epidemiologic surveillance system should provide improved data on the subpopulations at the highest risk for HIV/STD/TB, such as men who have sex with men, and should provide the opportunity to evaluate the impact of migration on the transmission dynamics, risk behaviors, and determinants of behavior on each side of the border. It is essential that this potential threat be assessed and that intervention programs are developed and implemented to combat this possible escalation in the HIV epidemic.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants , Agriculture , California/epidemiology , Emigration and Immigration , Environmental Monitoring , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Health Policy , Homosexuality, Male , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mexico/ethnology , Population Surveillance , Pregnancy , Risk-Taking , Sex Work , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
14.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr ; 37 Suppl 4: S215-26, 2004 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15722864

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Provide an overview of the relation between migration to the United States and AIDS cases in Mexico. Characterize the sexual behaviors of Mexican migrants. Describe HIV/AIDS prevention and clinical attention actions developed. METHODS: The following were analyzed: AIDS cases databases, various prevalence studies, the migrants survey, and information of the Ministries of the Interior and of Health. A documental analysis was undertaken of works published between 1992 and 2000 on migration and AIDS. RESULTS: In terms of their sexual practices, migrants in the past year had more sexual partners, tended to use a condom in their most recent relation in greater proportion, and had greater use of injected medicines and drugs. Two bi-national programs undertake epidemiological surveillance activities, while several initiatives have used innovative formats to provide prevention information to migrants. Imminent universal coverage leaves the challenge to assure quality of attention for migrants. CONCLUSIONS: Studies to evaluate the impact of international migration on distribution of infected persons will be indispensable to establish priorities in prevention and attention among migrants. More information is needed on bi-national health projects to understand the impact they may have in prevention, while continuity of the prevention initiatives must be guaranteed. Attention to migrants in bi-national contexts requires information exchange agreements on migrants living with the HIV/AIDS.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Emigration and Immigration , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mexico/ethnology , National Health Programs , Risk-Taking , Sexual Behavior , United States/epidemiology
15.
Cidade do México, D.F; México. Secretaría de Salud; ago. 2003. 149 p. mapas, tab.(SSA. Angulos del SIDA, 4).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-355912

ABSTRACT

"Este documento reúne siete trabajos de investigación o ejemplos de trabajo con poblaciones indígenas sobre VIH/SIDA realizados en poblaciones de Coahuila, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Veracruz y Zacatecas, ya que en tollos ellos existe una presencia importante de casos de SIDA en zonas rurales" (AU). Trabajos: 1) El SIDA en el área rural. 2) Resultados de una intervención educativa para prevenir el VIH/SIDA en la población migrante rural. 3) Atención del VIH/SIDA en el medio rural de Zacatecas. 4) Zongolica: diseño de una estrategia participativa para el combate al VIH/SIDA en comunidades nahuas de la sierra. 5) Los tarahumaras: ¿grupo de bajo riesgo? 6) Consumo de drogas inyectables y VIH/SIDA en una población rural de La Laguna, Coahuila. 7) Más vale prevenir... Video sobre migración y SIDA


Subject(s)
HIV , Vulnerable Populations , Sexually Transmitted Diseases
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 30(4): 528-543, jul.-ago. 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-68268

ABSTRACT

Se describen las manifestaciones clinicas de presentación en los pacientes adultos con SIDA notificados a la Dirección General de Epidemíologia (SSA),durante el periodo de enero de 1981 a enero de 1988. Se contá con información completa en 363 pacientes (94.2% varones y 69% entre los 25 y 44 años de edad). Este subgrupo de pacientes fue similar en edad, sexo, lugar de residencia y principales categorias de transmisión al total de pacientes notificados hasta la fecha. Los mecanismos de transmisión fueron homo y bisexualidad masculina en 71.1% (n= 258); contacto heterosexual en 6.1% (n= 2); antecedente trans[usional en 5%(n= 18); hemofilia en 0.5% (n= 2), y dos o más mecanismos en 5.2% (n= 19). El factor de riesgo se desconoce en 12.1% (n= 44). La entidad clínica presente al momento de la notificación fue neumonía por P. carinü en 13% (n= 47), otras infecciones oportunistas en 55.1% (n= 200), sarcoma de Kaposi en 8.8% [n= 32) y dos o más entidades clínicas en 23.1% (n= 84). Setenta y ocho pacientes (21%) presentaron sarcoma de Kaposi. La proporción de pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi ha disminuido del 17% (1981-1984) al 7% (1985-1988). Se identificaron 492 patógenos; los más frecuentesfueronCandida(21.6%), P. carinü (18.6%), M. tuberculosis (8.9%), herpes simple (7.1%) herpes zoster (6.5%) y Cryptosporidium (6.3%). Once por ciento correspondió a enteropatogenos. La duración promedio de la enfermedad fue de 10.3 meses. Se comparan la frecuencia de /JJsentidades de presentación con lo que se ha informado en otras regiones y se discuten las implicaciones clinicoepidemiológicas. En comparación con EUA y Europa, en nuestro pais se notifica con menor frecuencia la neumoma por P. carinii, Otras infecciones, principalmente tuberculosis y enteritis, son más frecuentes. En este sentido, la presencia de tuberculosis se correlaciona con los datos informados en grupos minoritarios en EUA, el Caribe y Africa. Estas diferencias pueden explicarse por la prevalencia de patógenos locales, las caracteristicas inmunológicas del huésped y, posiblemente, la patogenicidad viral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology , Diseases Registries , Mexico
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